推荐学习:Flurl使用Polly实现重试Policy!
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·
2021-04-07 11:11
❝在使用Flurl作为HttpClient向Server请求时,由于网络或者其它一些原因导致请求会有失败的情况,比如
HttpStatusCode.NotFound
、HttpStatusCode.ServiceUnavailable
、HttpStatusCode.RequestTimeout等;网络上有比较多的HttpClientFactory使用Polly来实现重试的内容,奈何已经习惯使用Flurl的人,要全部换回到IHttpClient的确有不方便的地方,因为本文使用Flurl的Polly来实现重试机制做一个整理;
不使用Polly来测试
提供一个接口以便做请求测试
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class PollyController : ControllerBase
{
private readonly ILogger<PollyController> _logger;
public PollyController(ILogger<PollyController> logger)
{
_logger = logger;
}
// GET: api/<PollyController>
[HttpGet]
public IActionResult Get()
{
var random = new Random().Next(0, 8);
switch (random)
{
case 0:
_logger.LogInformation("About to serve a 404");
return StatusCode(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound);
case 1:
_logger.LogInformation("About to serve a 503");
return StatusCode(StatusCodes.Status503ServiceUnavailable);
case 2:
_logger.LogInformation("Sleeping for 10 seconds then serving a 504");
Thread.Sleep(10000);
_logger.LogInformation("About to serve a 504");
return StatusCode(StatusCodes.Status504GatewayTimeout);
default:
_logger.LogInformation("About to correctly serve a 200 response");
return Ok(new {time = DateTime.Now.ToLocalTime()});
}
}
}创建一个请求客户端
public class HomeController : Controller
{
private readonly ILogger<HomeController> _logger;
public HomeController(ILogger<HomeController> logger)
{
_logger = logger;
}
public async Task<IActionResult> Index()
{
try
{
var time = await "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/polly"
.GetJsonAsync();
_logger.LogInformation($"App: success - {time.time}");
return View(time.time);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
_logger.LogWarning($"App: failed - {e.Message}");
throw;
}
}
}尝试请求,可以发现有很多请求失败的地方,这个情况很不理想,服务器有较大的机率不能正常的响应
info: SuppertRcsInterfaceTest.Controllers.PollyController[0]
About to serve a 404
info: SuppertRcsInterfaceTest.Controllers.PollyController[0]
About to correctly serve a 200 response
info: SuppertRcsInterfaceTest.Controllers.PollyController[0]
About to correctly serve a 200 response
info: SuppertRcsInterfaceTest.Controllers.PollyController[0]
About to correctly serve a 200 response
info: SuppertRcsInterfaceTest.Controllers.PollyController[0]
About to serve a 503
info: SuppertRcsInterfaceTest.Controllers.PollyController[0]
About to serve a 503
info: SuppertRcsInterfaceTest.Controllers.PollyController[0]
About to correctly serve a 200 response
info: SuppertRcsInterfaceTest.Controllers.PollyController[0]
About to serve a 404❝
针对这个情况有没有什么解决的办法呢,答案是肯定的,粗暴的想法就是失败了再重新做请求,直接在Flurl的返回结果中做这个逻辑处理会比较麻烦也不方便统一的管理,如此就找到了Polly
使用Polly来测试
首先安装Polly,
Install-Package Polly
下面先给出Polly的简单介绍后接着给出
Policy
的代码片段❝
Polly的七种策略:重试、断路、超时、隔离、回退和缓存策略,本文使用到了重试、超时策略
重试(Retry):出现故障自动重试,这个是常见的场景
断路(Circuit-breaker):当系统遇到严重的问题时,快速回馈失败比让用户/调用者等待要好,限制系统出错的消耗,有助于系统恢复,比如,当我们去调用一个第三方的API,有很长一段时间API都没有响应,可能对方服务器瘫痪了,如果我们的系统还不停地重试,不仅会加重系统的负担,还有可能导致系统其它任务受影响,因此,当系统出错的次数超过了指定的阈值,就得中断当前线程,等待一段时间后再继续;比如:
Policy.Handle<SomeException>().CircuitBreaker(2, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
表示当系统出现两次某个异常时就停下来,等待1分钟后再继续,还可以在断路时定义中断的回调和重启的回调。超时(Timeout):当系统超过一定时间的等待,就可以判断不可能会有成功的结果;比如平时一个网络请求瞬间就完成了,如果有一次网络请求超过了30秒还没有完成,我们就可以判定不可能会返回成功的结果了,因此,我们需要设置系统的超时时间,避免系统长时间无谓的等待;比如:
Policy.Timeout(30, (context, span, task) => {// do something});
表示设置了超时时间不能超过30秒,否则就认为是错误的结果,并执行回调。隔离(Bulkhead Isolation):当系统的一处出现故障时,可能触发多个失败的调用,对资源有较大的消耗,下游系统出现故障可能导致上游的故障的调用,甚至可能蔓延到导致系统崩溃,所以要将可控的操作限制在一个固定大小的资源池中,以隔离有潜在可能相互影响的操作;比如:
Policy.Bulkhead(12, context => {// do something});
表示最多允许12个线程并发执行,如果执行被拒绝,则执行回调。回退(Fallback):有些错误无法避免,就要有备用的方案,当无法避免的错误发生时,我们要有一个合理的返回来代替失败;比如:
Policy.Handle<Whatever>().Fallback<UserAvatar>(() => UserAvatar.GetRandomAvatar());
表示当用户没有上传头像时,我们就给他一个默认头像。缓存(Cache):一般我们会把频繁使用且不会怎么变化的资源缓存起来,以提高系统的响应速度,如果不对缓存资源的调用进行封装,那么我们调用的时候就要先判断缓存中有没有这个资源,有的话就从缓存返回,否则就从资源存储的地方获取后缓存起来再返回,而且有时还要考虑缓存过期和如何更新缓存的问题;Polly提供了缓存策略的支持,使得问题变得简单。
策略包(Policy Wrap):一种操作会有多种不同的故障,而不同的故障处理需要不同的策略,这些不同的策略必须包在一起,作为一个策略包,才能应用在同一种操作上,这就是Polly的弹性特性,即各种不同的策略能够灵活地组合起来
更多...
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Flurl.Http.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Polly;
using Polly.Retry;
using Polly.Timeout;
using Polly.Wrap;
namespace WithPollyClient.Services
{
public class Policies
{
private readonly ILogger<Policies> _logger;
public Policies(ILogger<Policies> logger)
{
_logger = logger;
}
private AsyncTimeoutPolicy<HttpResponseMessage> TimeoutPolicy
{
get
{
return Policy.TimeoutAsync<HttpResponseMessage>(3, (context, span, task) =>
{
_logger.LogInformation($"Policy: Timeout delegate fired after {span.Seconds} seconds");
return Task.CompletedTask;
});
}
}
private AsyncRetryPolicy<HttpResponseMessage> RetryPolicy
{
get
{
HttpStatusCode[] retryStatus =
{
HttpStatusCode.NotFound,
HttpStatusCode.ServiceUnavailable,
HttpStatusCode.RequestTimeout
};
return Policy
.HandleResult<HttpResponseMessage>(r => retryStatus.Contains(r.StatusCode))
.Or<TimeoutRejectedException>()
.WaitAndRetryAsync(new[]
{
// 表示重试3次,第一次1秒后重试,第二次2秒后重试,第三次4秒后重试
TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1),
TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2),
TimeSpan.FromSeconds(4)
}, (result, span, count, context) =>
{
_logger.LogInformation($"Policy: Retry delegate fired, attempt {count}");
});
}
}
public AsyncPolicyWrap<HttpResponseMessage> PolicyStrategy =>
Policy.WrapAsync(RetryPolicy, TimeoutPolicy);
}
public class PolicyHandler : DelegatingHandler
{
private readonly Policies _policies;
public PolicyHandler(Policies policies)
{
_policies = policies;
}
protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return _policies.PolicyStrategy.ExecuteAsync(ct => base.SendAsync(request, ct), cancellationToken);
}
}
public class PollyHttpClientFactory : DefaultHttpClientFactory
{
private readonly Policies _policies;
public PollyHttpClientFactory(Policies policies)
{
_policies = policies;
}
public override HttpMessageHandler CreateMessageHandler()
{
return new PolicyHandler(_policies)
{
InnerHandler = base.CreateMessageHandler()
};
}
}
}接下来在
Starup
中对Flurl进行配置public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddControllersWithViews();
services.AddSingleton<Policies>();
}
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
var policies = app.ApplicationServices.GetService<Policies>();
FlurlHttp.Configure(setting =>
setting.HttpClientFactory = new PollyHttpClientFactory(policies));
......再次尝试请求,可以看到结果非常之理想
WithPollyClient.Services.Policies: Information: Policy: Retry delegate fired, attempt 1
WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController: Information: App: success - 2021/3/14 16:50:14
WithPollyClient.Services.Policies: Information: Policy: Retry delegate fired, attempt 1
WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController: Information: App: success - 2021/3/14 16:50:17
WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController: Information: App: success - 2021/3/14 16:50:22
WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController: Information: App: success - 2021/3/14 16:50:23
WithPollyClient.Services.Policies: Information: Policy: Retry delegate fired, attempt 1
WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController: Information: App: success - 2021/3/14 16:50:25
WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController: Information: App: success - 2021/3/14 16:50:31
WithPollyClient.Services.Policies: Information: Policy: Retry delegate fired, attempt 1
WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController: Information: App: success - 2021/3/14 16:50:34
WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController: Information: App: success - 2021/3/14 16:50:39
WithPollyClient.Services.Policies: Information: Policy: Retry delegate fired, attempt 1
WithPollyClient.Services.Policies: Information: Policy: Timeout delegate fired after 3 seconds
WithPollyClient.Services.Policies: Information: Policy: Retry delegate fired, attempt 2
WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController: Information: App: success - 2021/3/14 16:50:46
富客户端中使用的情况
❝有时候呢,例如在
WPF
或者是其它的富客户端上面也会经常使用到Flurl的情况,如下
var time = await Policy
.Handle<FlurlHttpException>()
.OrResult<IFlurlResponse>(r => !r.ResponseMessage.IsSuccessStatusCode)
.WaitAndRetryAsync(new[]
{
TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1),
TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2),
TimeSpan.FromSeconds(4)
}, (result, span, count, context) =>
{
_logger.LogInformation(count.ToString());
})
.ExecuteAsync(() => "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/polly".WithTimeout(3).GetAsync())
.ReceiveJson();
_logger.LogInformation($"App: success - {time.time}");
return View(time.time);
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