Camera 原理之拍照流程zsl优化方案
程序员Android
共 13512字，需浏览 28分钟
·
2021-03-04 00:16
和你一起终身学习，这里是程序员Android
经典好文推荐，通过阅读本文，您将收获以下知识点:
一、背景介绍
拍照的手机基本的功能，优化拍照性能，主要是优化点击拍照到生成照片的这一段时间，看看可以在什么地方减少耗时。下面将打开camera到拍照完成这段时间拆解一下。
这段过程主要分为：
capture session配置阶段：这是预览之前的阶段。
预览流程：这段时间，camera不断出帧，显示在TextureView 上。
拍照流程：点击拍照到最终生效图片的流程。
Note：将预览流程与拍照流程合成一个大的流程，因为我们本文所说的优化重点就在这里。
二、核心思想
预览出帧是为了让用户感觉到此时camera正在运行，但是预览的帧数据是不能直接用作拍照的帧数据，为什么？因为预览的帧数据太小，拍照的帧数据很大，所以不能直接复用。那如果能直接复用呢？就是预览的帧数据可以直接被拍照来使用。
这也是我们本文讨论的重点，直接复用预览的帧数据。
直接复用预览的帧数据，那么首先需要保证的是 预览帧的大小必须和 实际拍照的帧大小是相同的，不然获取的预览帧数据也是没用的，没有意义。
预览的surface我们需要自定义，而且大小要和拍照的ImageReader的surface大小相同的。
2.1 定义Yuv Full ImageReader
private ImageReader mYuv1ImageReader;
初始化的时候需要创建这个 ImageReader的实例：
mYuv1ImageReader = ImageReader.newInstance(
mCameraInfoCache.getYuvStream1Size().getWidth(),
mCameraInfoCache.getYuvStream1Size().getHeight(),
ImageFormat.YUV_420_888,
YUV1_IMAGEREADER_SIZE);
mYuv1ImageReader.setOnImageAvailableListener(mYuv1ImageListener, mOpsHandler);
2.2 ImageReader的监听回调
ImageReader.OnImageAvailableListener mYuv1ImageListener =
new ImageReader.OnImageAvailableListener() {
@Override
public void onImageAvailable(ImageReader reader) {
Image img = reader.acquireLatestImage();
if (img == null) {
Log.e(TAG, "Null image returned YUV1");
return;
}
if (mYuv1LastReceivedImage != null) {
mYuv1LastReceivedImage.close();
}
mYuv1LastReceivedImage = img;
if (++mYuv1ImageCounter % LOG_NTH_FRAME == 0) {
Log.v(TAG, "YUV1 buffer available, Frame #=" + mYuv1ImageCounter + " w=" + img.getWidth() + " h=" + img.getHeight() + " time=" + img.getTimestamp());
}
}
};
只要是处于预览状态，底层的sensor会一直出帧数据，这个onImageAvailable(ImageReader reader)会一直回调，发现我们在其中又定义了一个Image变量。
2.3 定义实时的Image返回值
// Handle to last received Image: allows ZSL to be implemented.
private Image mYuv1LastReceivedImage = null;
这个mYuv1LastReceivedImage从定义的变量名上就能看出来，是预览的最后一帧的数据，显然这个帧数据是完全的，和出图的大小完全一样的。
mYuv1LastReceivedImage保证本地总是存储预览的最后一帧数据。
2.4 创建captureSession
Camera打开的时候onOpened回调的时候，开始创建captureSession：
private CameraDevice.StateCallback mCameraStateCallback = new LoggingCallbacks.DeviceStateCallback() {
@Override
public void onOpened(CameraDevice camera) {
super.onOpened(camera);
startCaptureSession();
}
};
// Create CameraCaptureSession. Callback will start repeating request with current parameters.
private void startCaptureSession() {
Log.v(TAG, "Configuring session..");
List<Surface> outputSurfaces = new ArrayList<Surface>(4);
outputSurfaces.add(mPreviewSurface);
Log.v(TAG, " .. added SurfaceView " + mCameraInfoCache.getPreviewSize().getWidth() +
" x " + mCameraInfoCache.getPreviewSize().getHeight());
outputSurfaces.add(mYuv1ImageReader.getSurface());
Log.v(TAG, " .. added YUV ImageReader " + mCameraInfoCache.getYuvStream1Size().getWidth() +
" x " + mCameraInfoCache.getYuvStream1Size().getHeight());
if (mIsDepthCloudSupported) {
outputSurfaces.add(mDepthCloudImageReader.getSurface());
Log.v(TAG, " .. added Depth cloud ImageReader");
}
if (SECOND_YUV_IMAGEREADER_STREAM) {
outputSurfaces.add(mYuv2ImageReader.getSurface());
Log.v(TAG, " .. added YUV ImageReader " + mCameraInfoCache.getYuvStream2Size().getWidth() +
" x " + mCameraInfoCache.getYuvStream2Size().getHeight());
}
if (SECOND_SURFACE_TEXTURE_STREAM) {
outputSurfaces.add(mSurfaceTextureSurface);
Log.v(TAG, " .. added SurfaceTexture");
}
if (RAW_STREAM_ENABLE && mCameraInfoCache.rawAvailable()) {
outputSurfaces.add(mRawImageReader.getSurface());
Log.v(TAG, " .. added Raw ImageReader " + mCameraInfoCache.getRawStreamSize().getWidth() +
" x " + mCameraInfoCache.getRawStreamSize().getHeight());
}
if (USE_REPROCESSING_IF_AVAIL && mCameraInfoCache.isYuvReprocessingAvailable()) {
outputSurfaces.add(mJpegImageReader.getSurface());
Log.v(TAG, " .. added JPEG ImageReader " + mCameraInfoCache.getJpegStreamSize().getWidth() +
" x " + mCameraInfoCache.getJpegStreamSize().getHeight());
}
try {
if (USE_REPROCESSING_IF_AVAIL && mCameraInfoCache.isYuvReprocessingAvailable()) {
InputConfiguration inputConfig = new InputConfiguration(mCameraInfoCache.getYuvStream1Size().getWidth(),
mCameraInfoCache.getYuvStream1Size().getHeight(), ImageFormat.YUV_420_888);
mCameraDevice.createReprocessableCaptureSession(inputConfig, outputSurfaces,
mSessionStateCallback, null);
Log.v(TAG, " Call to createReprocessableCaptureSession complete.");
} else {
mCameraDevice.createCaptureSession(outputSurfaces, mSessionStateCallback, null);
Log.v(TAG, " Call to createCaptureSession complete.");
}
} catch (CameraAccessException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Error configuring ISP.");
}
}
使用zsl的方式的话，就需要输入InputConfiguration配置数据，好让底层的camera hal复用这部分数据，我们也能真正达到zsl的目的。
InputConfiguration inputConfig = new InputConfiguration(mCameraInfoCache.getYuvStream1Size().getWidth(),
mCameraInfoCache.getYuvStream1Size().getHeight(), ImageFormat.YUV_420_888);
mCameraDevice.createReprocessableCaptureSession(inputConfig, outputSurfaces,
mSessionStateCallback, null);
mSessionStateCallback是当前captureSession所处状态的回调，我们会在captureSession的onReady回调函数中设置ImageWriter对象：
ImageWriter mImageWriter;
private CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback mSessionStateCallback = new LoggingCallbacks.SessionStateCallback() {
@Override
public void onReady(CameraCaptureSession session) {
Log.v(TAG, "capture session onReady(). HAL capture session took: (" + (SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - CameraTimer.t_session_go) + " ms)");
mCurrentCaptureSession = session;
issuePreviewCaptureRequest(false);
if (session.isReprocessable()) {
mImageWriter = ImageWriter.newInstance(session.getInputSurface(), IMAGEWRITER_SIZE);
mImageWriter.setOnImageReleasedListener(
new ImageWriter.OnImageReleasedListener() {
@Override
public void onImageReleased(ImageWriter writer) {
Log.v(TAG, "ImageWriter.OnImageReleasedListener onImageReleased()");
}
}, null);
Log.v(TAG, "Created ImageWriter.");
}
super.onReady(session);
}
};
session.getInputSurface() 表示之前输入的inputConfiguration数据，这个数据暂时初始化放在ImageWriter中。后续每次得到的预览的最后一帧数据都会放在ImageWriter对象中，直接送入到底层。
2.5 设置预览
try {
CaptureRequest.Builder b1 = mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_PREVIEW);
b1.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_MODE, CameraMetadata.CONTROL_MODE_USE_SCENE_MODE);
b1.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_SCENE_MODE, CameraMetadata.CONTROL_SCENE_MODE_FACE_PRIORITY);
if (AFtrigger) {
b1.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE, CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AF_MODE_AUTO);
} else {
b1.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE, CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AF_MODE_CONTINUOUS_PICTURE);
}
b1.set(CaptureRequest.NOISE_REDUCTION_MODE, mCaptureNoiseMode);
b1.set(CaptureRequest.EDGE_MODE, mCaptureEdgeMode);
b1.set(CaptureRequest.STATISTICS_FACE_DETECT_MODE, mCaptureFace ? mCameraInfoCache.bestFaceDetectionMode() : CaptureRequest.STATISTICS_FACE_DETECT_MODE_OFF);
Log.v(TAG, " .. NR=" + mCaptureNoiseMode + " Edge=" + mCaptureEdgeMode + " Face=" + mCaptureFace);
if (mCaptureYuv1) {
b1.addTarget(mYuv1ImageReader.getSurface());
Log.v(TAG, " .. YUV1 on");
}
if (mCaptureRaw) {
b1.addTarget(mRawImageReader.getSurface());
}
b1.addTarget(mPreviewSurface);
if (mIsDepthCloudSupported && !mCaptureYuv1 && !mCaptureYuv2 && !mCaptureRaw) {
b1.addTarget(mDepthCloudImageReader.getSurface());
}
if (mCaptureYuv2) {
if (SECOND_SURFACE_TEXTURE_STREAM) {
b1.addTarget(mSurfaceTextureSurface);
}
if (SECOND_YUV_IMAGEREADER_STREAM) {
b1.addTarget(mYuv2ImageReader.getSurface());
}
Log.v(TAG, " .. YUV2 on");
}
if (AFtrigger) {
b1.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER, CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER_START);
mCurrentCaptureSession.capture(b1.build(), mCaptureCallback, mOpsHandler);
b1.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER, CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER_IDLE);
}
mCurrentCaptureSession.setRepeatingRequest(b1.build(), mCaptureCallback, mOpsHandler);
} catch (CameraAccessException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Could not access camera for issuePreviewCaptureRequest.");
}
这儿很多代码，核心的代码只有3行：
CaptureRequest.Builder b1 = mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_PREVIEW);
b1.addTarget(mYuv1ImageReader.getSurface());
mCurrentCaptureSession.setRepeatingRequest(b1.build(), mCaptureCallback, mOpsHandler);
传入了初始定义的full yuv的ImageReader的surface结构，然后在CaptureCallback中需要获取captureResult，这个数据在拍照的时候还有用处。
2.6 CaptureCallback处理
private CameraCaptureSession.CaptureCallback mCaptureCallback = new LoggingCallbacks.SessionCaptureCallback() {
@Override
public void onCaptureCompleted(CameraCaptureSession session, CaptureRequest request, TotalCaptureResult result) {
if (!mFirstFrameArrived) {
mFirstFrameArrived = true;
long now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
long dt = now - CameraTimer.t0;
long camera_dt = now - CameraTimer.t_session_go + CameraTimer.t_open_end - CameraTimer.t_open_start;
long repeating_req_dt = now - CameraTimer.t_burst;
Log.v(TAG, "App control to first frame: (" + dt + " ms)");
Log.v(TAG, "HAL request to first frame: (" + repeating_req_dt + " ms) " + " Total HAL wait: (" + camera_dt + " ms)");
mMyCameraCallback.receivedFirstFrame();
mMyCameraCallback.performanceDataAvailable((int) dt, (int) camera_dt, null);
}
publishFrameData(result);
// Used for reprocessing.
mLastTotalCaptureResult = result;
super.onCaptureCompleted(session, request, result);
}
};
这个mLastTotalCaptureResult是预览capture的时候捕获的一个captureResult，后续处理的时候会用到
// Last total capture result
TotalCaptureResult mLastTotalCaptureResult;
2.7 拍照处理
终于来到了最核心的步骤，这儿的拍照处理，当然不会像之前那样直接调用CaptureSession的capture方法，因为执行capture方法，就必定要重新发送capture request，重新获取帧数据。
但是我们现在已经有了帧数据，就是之前保存的帧数据，这时候帧数据就起到了非常重要的作用。
void runReprocessing() {
if (mYuv1LastReceivedImage == null) {
Log.e(TAG, "No YUV Image available.");
return;
}
mImageWriter.queueInputImage(mYuv1LastReceivedImage);
Log.v(TAG, " Sent YUV1 image to ImageWriter.queueInputImage()");
try {
CaptureRequest.Builder b1 = mCameraDevice.createReprocessCaptureRequest(mLastTotalCaptureResult);
// Todo: Read current orientation instead of just assuming device is in native orientation
b1.set(CaptureRequest.JPEG_ORIENTATION, mCameraInfoCache.sensorOrientation());
b1.set(CaptureRequest.JPEG_QUALITY, (byte) 95);
b1.set(CaptureRequest.NOISE_REDUCTION_MODE, mReprocessingNoiseMode);
b1.set(CaptureRequest.EDGE_MODE, mReprocessingEdgeMode);
b1.addTarget(mJpegImageReader.getSurface());
mCurrentCaptureSession.capture(b1.build(), mReprocessingCaptureCallback, mOpsHandler);
mReprocessingRequestNanoTime = System.nanoTime();
} catch (CameraAccessException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Could not access camera for issuePreviewCaptureRequest.");
}
mYuv1LastReceivedImage = null;
Log.v(TAG, " Reprocessing request submitted.");
}
mImageWriter.queueInputImage(mYuv1LastReceivedImage);将预览最后一帧数据放入ImageWriter的input 队列中。
// Reprocessing capture completed.
private CameraCaptureSession.CaptureCallback mReprocessingCaptureCallback = new LoggingCallbacks.SessionCaptureCallback() {
@Override
public void onCaptureCompleted(CameraCaptureSession session, CaptureRequest request, TotalCaptureResult result) {
Log.v(TAG, "Reprocessing onCaptureCompleted()");
}
};
处理完成之后回调onCaptureCompleted(...)函数。
三、总结
zsl方案有多快：原图拍照一张150ms，快得一笔
下面是截图样例：
优化之后的流程可以总结成如下：
作者：码上就说
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/3beb7403025f
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