手把手教你使用Python打造一款摸鱼倒计界面
Python爬虫与数据挖掘
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2022-01-02 14:21
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大家好，我是吴老板。
前言
前段时间在微博看到一段摸鱼人的倒计时模板，感觉还挺有趣的。
于是我用了一小时的时间写了个页面出来 摸鱼办地址 (当然是摸鱼的时间啦)。
模板是这样的:
摸鱼办公室 🐟
你好，摸鱼人，工作再累，一定不要忘记摸鱼哦 ! 有事没事起身去茶水间去廊道去天台走走，别老在工位上坐着。多喝点水，钱是老板的，但命是自己的 !
🐟 距离 周末 放假还有 2 天
🐟 距离 元旦 放假还有 3 天
🐟 距离 过年 放假还有 34 天
🐟 距离 清明节 放假还有 97 天
🐟 距离 劳动节 放假还有 123 天
🐟 距离 端午节 放假还有 156 天
🐟 距离 中秋节 放假还有 255 天
🐟 距离 国庆节 放假还有 276 天
由于前端是单页面服务，直接撸一个原始的 html网页就行。FastAPI对于异步请求是一把好手、更轻、性能更佳。挂上一层 Nginx让它看起来像那么回事儿。
实现过程
首先要知道、除了静态文字之外的比如当前日期、距离节日放假的天数等都是动态返回的，我需要使用 Jinja2 模板进行动态绑定。 我应该把重点放在时间的处理上。 而且在这个模板中，有阳历的节日，也是阴历的节日，我需要转换。
初始化一个 FastAPI 对象并声明静态页面的模板目录 (Jinja2Templates)
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import datetime
from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
from zhdate import ZhDate as lunar_date
app = FastAPI(
debug=False,
title="My API",
docs_url="/docs",
openapi_url=f"/openapi.json"
)
templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")
可以看到的是我用到了 zhdate 这个库、主要用于阴历和阳历之间的相互转换。用法如下
today = datetime.date.today()
print(today.year, today.month, today.day)
print("大年时间: ", lunar_date(today.year+1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date())
print("端午时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date())
print("中秋时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date())
print("元旦时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-01-01")
print("清明时间: ", f"{today.year}-04-05")
print("劳动时间: ", f"{today.year}-05-01")
print("国庆时间: ", f"{today.year}-10-01")
我们可以梳理一下:
计算距离 大年、元旦的天数时，要在年份上+1计算距离 其他节日的天数时，要判断天数差是否小于0，如果是，则年份需要+1，因为已经过去的节日对此没有意义
distance_big_year = (lunar_date(today.year + 1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_5_5 = (lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_5_5 = distance_5_5 if distance_5_5 > 0 else (
lunar_date(today.year + 1, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_8_15 = (lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_8_15 = distance_8_15 if distance_8_15 > 0 else (
lunar_date(today.year + 1, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_year = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_4_5 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_4_5 = distance_4_5 if distance_4_5 > 0 else (
datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_5_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_5_1 = distance_5_1 if distance_5_1 > 0 else (
datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_10_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_10_1 = distance_10_1 if distance_10_1 > 0 else (
datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
怎么样? 我的命名足够疯狂吧。
接下来需要计算一下距离周末的天数。
def get_week_day(date):
week_day_dict = {
0: '星期一',
1: '星期二',
2: '星期三',
3: '星期四',
4: '星期五',
5: '星期六',
6: '星期天',
}
day = date.weekday()
return week_day_dict[day]
week_day_ = get_week_day(today)
print(f"今天是: {week_day_}") # 先获取今天是星期几
按照每周 5 个工作日计算，今天距离周末的天数就是
5 - today.weekday() # today.weekday() 今天距离周末
现在将所有的数据组装起来
time_ = [
{"v_": distance_year, "title": "元旦"}, # 距离元旦
{"v_": distance_big_year, "title": "过年"}, # 距离过年
{"v_": distance_4_5, "title": "清明节"}, # 距离清明
{"v_": distance_5_1, "title": "劳动节"}, # 距离劳动
{"v_": distance_5_5, "title": "端午节"}, # 距离端午
{"v_": distance_8_15, "title": "中秋节"}, # 距离中秋
{"v_": distance_10_1, "title": "国庆节"}, # 距离国庆
]
至于为什么是 List 而不是 Dict，那是我需要做一个根据距离天数的排序，让最先放假的节日放于最前面，
这样看起来会舒服得多。
time_ = sorted(time_, key=lambda x: x['v_'], reverse=False)
接下来要写一个 路由，将数据传入到 html 页面中去。
@app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse)
async def readme(request: Request):
return templates.TemplateResponse("readme.html",
{"request": request, "time_": time_, "now_": now_, "week_day_": week_day_})
来看一下完整的代码 (main.py):
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import datetime
from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
from zhdate import ZhDate as lunar_date
app = FastAPI(
debug=False,
title="My API",
docs_url=f"/docs",
openapi_url=f"/openapi.json"
)
templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")
today = datetime.date.today()
# print(today.year, today.month, today.day)
# print("大年时间: ", lunar_date(today.year+1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date())
# print("端午时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date())
# print("中秋时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date())
# print("元旦时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-01-01")
# print("清明时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-04-05")
# print("劳动时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-05-01")
# print("国庆时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-10-01")
distance_big_year = (lunar_date(today.year + 1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_5_5 = (lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_5_5 = distance_5_5 if distance_5_5 > 0 else (
lunar_date(today.year + 1, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_8_15 = (lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_8_15 = distance_8_15 if distance_8_15 > 0 else (
lunar_date(today.year + 1, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_year = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_4_5 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_4_5 = distance_4_5 if distance_4_5 > 0 else (
datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_5_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_5_1 = distance_5_1 if distance_5_1 > 0 else (
datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_10_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_10_1 = distance_10_1 if distance_10_1 > 0 else (
datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
def get_week_day(date):
week_day_dict = {
0: '星期一',
1: '星期二',
2: '星期三',
3: '星期四',
4: '星期五',
5: '星期六',
6: '星期天',
}
day = date.weekday()
return week_day_dict[day]
# print("距离大年: ", distance_big_year)
# print("距离端午: ", distance_5_5)
# print("距离中秋: ", distance_8_15)
# print("距离元旦: ", distance_year)
# print("距离清明: ", distance_4_5)
# print("距离劳动: ", distance_5_1)
# print("距离国庆: ", distance_10_1)
# print("距离周末: ", 5 - today.weekday())
now_ = f"{today.year}年{today.month}月{today.day}日"
week_day_ = get_week_day(today)
time_ = [
{"v_": 5 - 1 - today.weekday(), "title": "周末"}, # 距离周末
{"v_": distance_year, "title": "元旦"}, # 距离元旦
{"v_": distance_big_year, "title": "过年"}, # 距离过年
{"v_": distance_4_5, "title": "清明节"}, # 距离清明
{"v_": distance_5_1, "title": "劳动节"}, # 距离劳动
{"v_": distance_5_5, "title": "端午节"}, # 距离端午
{"v_": distance_8_15, "title": "中秋节"}, # 距离中秋
{"v_": distance_10_1, "title": "国庆节"}, # 距离国庆
]
time_ = sorted(time_, key=lambda x: x['v_'], reverse=False)
@app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse)
async def readme(request: Request):
return templates.TemplateResponse("readme.html",
{"request": request, "time_": time_, "now_": now_, "week_day_": week_day_})
if __name__ == '__main__':
import uvicorn
uvicorn.run(app='main:app', host="0.0.0.0", port=8080, reload=True)
最后就到了 html 页面部分了，来看一下主要的传值。
<center>
【摸鱼办公室】今天是 {{ now_ }} {{ week_day_ }}
<br><br>
{% for v_ in time_ %}
<p>🐟 距离 {{ v_.title }} 放假还有 {{ v_.v_ }} 天p>
{% else %}
<p>沒有任何值p>
{% endfor %}
center>
这样整个的路由构造和页面编写就算是完成了。
最后通过 Nginx 部署到我的站点上。
摸鱼办预览地址
代码已经上传至 摸鱼办：
https://github.com/PY-GZKY/moyu你可能会有更多的想法、可以在评论区讨论、一切为了摸鱼。
小伙伴们，快快用实践一下吧！如果在学习过程中，有遇到任何问题，欢迎加我好友，我拉你进Python学习交流群共同探讨学习。
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