分享一组 Python 高效编程的实用技巧
Crossin的编程教室
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·
2020-10-22 09:10
来源:Python编程时光
原文:Improving Your Python Productivity
>>> a=3
>>> b=6
>>> a,b = b,a >>> print(a) >>> 6
>>> ptint(b)>>> 5
02 字典推导(Dictionary comprehensions)和集合推导(Set comprehensions)
>>> some_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> another_list = [ x + 1 for x in some_list ]
>>> another_list
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> # Set Comprehensions
>>> some_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 5, 1, 4, 8]
>>> even_set = { x for x in some_list if x % 2 == 0 }
>>> even_set
set([8, 2, 4])
>>> # Dict Comprehensions
>>> d = { x: x % 2 == 0 for x in range(1, 11) }
>>> d
{1: False, 2: True, 3: False, 4: True, 5: False, 6: True, 7: False, 8: True, 9: False, 10: True}
>>> my_set = {1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4}
>>> my_set
set([1, 2, 3, 4])
03 计数时使用Counter计数对象
>>> from collections import Counter
>>> c = Counter('hello world')
>>> c
Counter({'l': 3, 'o': 2, ' ': 1, 'e': 1, 'd': 1, 'h': 1, 'r': 1, 'w': 1})
>>> c.most_common(2)
[('l', 3), ('o', 2)]
04 漂亮的打印出JSON
>>> import json
>>> print(json.dumps(data)) # No indention
{"status": "OK", "count": 2, "results": [{"age": 27, "name": "Oz", "lactose_intolerant": True}, {"age": 29, "name": "Joe", "lactose_intolerant": False}]}
>>> print(json.dumps(data, indent=2)) # With indention
{
"status": "OK",
"count": 2,
"results": [
{
"age": 27,
"name": "Oz",
"lactose_intolerant": true
},
{
"age": 29,
"name": "Joe",
"lactose_intolerant": false
}
]
}
写一个程序,打印数字1到100,3的倍数打印“Fizz”来替换这个数,5的倍数打印“Buzz”,对于既是3的倍数又是5的倍数的数字打印“FizzBuzz”。
for x in range(1,101):
print("fizz"[x%3*len('fizz')::]+"buzz"[x%5*len('buzz')::] or x)
>>> print("Hello" if True else "World")
Hello
>>> nfc = ["Packers", "49ers"]
>>> afc = ["Ravens", "Patriots"]
>>> print(nfc + afc)
['Packers', '49ers', 'Ravens', 'Patriots']
>>> print(str(1) + " world")
1 world
>>> print('1' + " world")
1 world
>>> print(1, "world")
1 world
>>> print(nfc, 1)
['Packers', '49ers'] 1
>>> x = 2
>>> if 3 > x > 1:
... print(x)
2
>>> if 1 < x > 0:
... print x
2
>>> nfc = ["Packers", "49ers"]
>>> afc = ["Ravens", "Patriots"]
>>> for teama, teamb in zip(nfc, afc):
... print(teama + " vs. " + teamb)
Packers vs. Ravens
49ers vs. Patriots
>>> teams = ["Packers", "49ers", "Ravens", "Patriots"]
>>> for index, team in enumerate(teams):
... print(index, team)
0 Packers
1 49ers
2 Ravens
3 Patriots
numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
even = []
for number in numbers:
if number%2 == 0:
even.append(number)
numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
even = [number for number in numbers if number%2 == 0]
>>> teams = ["Packers", "49ers", "Ravens", "Patriots"]
>>> print({key: value for value, key in enumerate(teams)}){'49ers': 1, 'Ravens': 2, 'Patriots': 3, 'Packers': 0}
>>> items = [0]*3
>>> print(items)
[0,0,0]
>>> teams = ["Packers", "49ers", "Ravens", "Patriots"]
>>> print(", ".join(teams))
'Packers, 49ers, Ravens, Patriots'
data = {'user': 1, 'name': 'Max', 'three': 4}
try:
is_admin = data['admin']
except KeyError:
is_admin = False
data = {'user': 1, 'name': 'Max', 'three': 4}
is_admin = data.get('admin', False)
>>> x = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>> print(x[:3]) #前3个[1,2,3]
>>> print x[1:5] #中间4个[2,3,4,5]
>>> print(x[3:]) #最后3个[4,5,6]
>>> print(x[::2]) #奇数项[1,3,5]
>>> print(x[1::2]) #偶数项[2,4,6]
>>> from itertools import combinations
>>> teams = ["Packers", "49ers", "Ravens", "Patriots"]
>>> for game in combinations(teams, 2):
... print(game)
('Packers', '49ers')
('Packers', 'Ravens')
('Packers', 'Patriots')
('49ers', 'Ravens')
('49ers', 'Patriots')
('Ravens', 'Patriots')
False = True
if False:
print("Hello")
else:
print("World")
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