java 自定义生成验证码
说明
项目登录或者其他重要的操作中都要生成验证码，其重要性在此不多说。
主要是介绍自己封装的验证码生成工具类的使用。
建议安装lombok插件,不使用此插件则需要手动生成get、set方法
此工具类不需要引入第三方jar依赖。
验证码说明：
验证码由数字和字母组成
支持自定义验证码位数
支持自定义验证码生成规则
支持自定义验证码图片宽高
支持验证码生成图片保存到指定路径
支持验证码转成base64编码
支持自定义验证码文件和base64编码前缀格式
效果展示
Base64编码的文件类型枚举类
import lombok.Getter;
public enum Base64FileTypeEnum {// 文件类型BASE64_FILETYPE_DOC(".doc", "data:application/msword;base64"),BASE64_FILETYPE_DOCX(".docx", "data:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document;base64"),BASE64_FILETYPE_XLS(".xls", "data:application/vnd.ms-excel;base64"),BASE64_FILETYPE_XLSX(".xlsx", "data:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet;base64"),BASE64_FILETYPE_PDF(".pdf", "data:application/pdf;base64"),BASE64_FILETYPE_PPT(".ppt", "data:application/vnd.ms-powerpoint;base64"),BASE64_FILETYPE_PPTX(".pptx", "data:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation;base64"),BASE64_FILETYPE_TXT(".txt", "data:text/plain;base64"),
// 图片类型BASE64_FILETYPE_PNG(".png", "data:image/png;base64"),BASE64_FILETYPE_JPG(".jpg", "data:image/jpeg;base64"),BASE64_FILETYPE_JPEG(".jpeg", "data:image/jpeg;base64"),BASE64_FILETYPE_GIF(".gif", "data:image/gif;base64"),BASE64_FILETYPE_SVG(".svg", "data:image/svg+xml;base64"),BASE64_FILETYPE_ICO(".ico", "data:image/x-icon;base64"),BASE64_FILETYPE_BMP(".bmp", "data:image/bmp;base64");
private String code;private String value;
private Base64FileTypeEnum(String code, String value) {this.code = code;this.value = value;}
}
/*** 说明: 验证码常量** @param* @author zhangxiaosan* @create 2022/11/25* @return*/public interface ValidateCodeConstant {/*** 说明: 默认验证码长度** @author zhangxiaosan* @create 2022/11/25* @param* @return*/Integer size = 4;
/*** 说明: 验证码图片宽** @author zhangxiaosan* @create 2022/11/25* @param* @return*/Integer width = 120;
/*** 说明: 验证码图片高** @author zhangxiaosan* @create 2022/11/25* @param* @return*/Integer height = 40;
/*** 说明: 生成的图片格式,默认jpg* @author zhangxiaosan* @create 2022/11/25* @param* @return*/String imgType = Base64FileTypeEnum.BASE64_FILETYPE_JPG.getCode().replaceAll("\\.","");
/*** 说明: 生成的base64前缀,默认jpg* @author zhangxiaosan* @create 2022/11/25* @param* @return*/String base64Prefix = Base64FileTypeEnum.BASE64_FILETYPE_JPG.getValue() + ",";
/*** 说明: 验证码生成图片存储地址,默认不存放图片* @author zhangxiaosan* @create 2022/11/25* @param* @return*/String saveImagePath = null;}
验证码生成工具类
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;import www.three.commom.constant.ValidateCodeConstant;import www.three.commom.enums.Base64FileTypeEnum;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;import java.io.*;import java.util.*;
/*** 说明：* 生成验证码工具类** @author 张小三* @create 2022-11-24 22:48* @verson 1.0.0*/public class ValidateCodeUtil {private static Random random = new Random();
private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {if (fc > 255)fc = 255;if (bc > 255)bc = 255;int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);return new Color(r, g, b);}
private static int getRandomIntColor() {int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();int color = 0;for (int c : rgb) {color = color << 8;color = color | c;}return color;}
private static int[] getRandomRgb() {int[] rgb = new int[3];for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);}return rgb;}
private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {shearX(g, w1, h1, color);shearY(g, w1, h1, color);}
private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
int period = random.nextInt(2);
boolean borderGap = true;int frames = 1;int phase = random.nextInt(2);
for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {double d = (double) (period >> 1)* Math.sin((double) i / (double) period + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase) / (double) frames);g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);if (borderGap) {g.setColor(color);g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);}}
}
private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;
boolean borderGap = true;int frames = 20;int phase = 7;for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {double d = (double) (period >> 1)* Math.sin((double) i / (double) period + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase) / (double) frames);g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);if (borderGap) {g.setColor(color);g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);}
}}
/*** 生成指定长度的随机数字和字母** @param length* @return*/private static String getStringRandom(int length) {String val = "";Random random = new Random();for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {String charOrNum = random.nextInt(2) % 2 == 0 ? "char" : "num";switch (charOrNum) {case "char":int temp = random.nextInt(2) % 2 == 0 ? 65 : 97;val += (char) (random.nextInt(26) + temp);break;case "num":val += String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10));break;}}return val;}
/*** 创建Base64编码的验证码图片** @param w 宽* @param h 高* @param code 验证码* @return* @throws Exception*/private static ByteArrayOutputStream imageToBase64Byte(int w, int h, String code) throws Exception {int verifySize = code.length();BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);Random rand = new Random();Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);Color[] colors = new Color[5];Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[]{Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN, Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA,Color.ORANGE, Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW};float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];for (int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) {colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();}Arrays.sort(fractions);
g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);// 设置边框色g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);g2.setColor(c);// 设置背景色g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h - 4);
// 绘制干扰线Random random = new Random();g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));// 设置线条的颜色for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);}
// 添加噪点float yawpRate = 0.05f;// 噪声率int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {int x = random.nextInt(w);int y = random.nextInt(h);int rgb = getRandomIntColor();image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);}
shear(g2, w, h, c);// 使图片扭曲
g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));int fontSize = h - 4;Font font = new Font("Arial", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);g2.setFont(font);char[] chars = code.toCharArray();for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1),(w / verifySize) * i + fontSize / 2, h / 2);g2.setTransform(affine);g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w - 10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h / 2 + fontSize / 2 - 10);}g2.dispose();ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();ImageIO.write(image, ValidateCodeConstant.imgType, baos);return baos;//return new Base64().encodeToString(baos.toByteArray());//return new BASE64Encoder().encode(baos.toByteArray());//return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(baos.toByteArray());}
/*** 创建Base64编码的验证码图片,并保存到指定的路径** @param w 宽* @param h 高* @param code 验证码* @param savePath 验证码图片保存的地址* @return String 单行的base64编码，携带文件前缀* @throws Exception*/private static String createValidateCodeImageBase(Integer w, Integer h, String code, String savePath) throws Exception {ByteArrayOutputStream baos = imageToBase64Byte(w, h, code);if (StringUtils.hasText(savePath)) {try {File file = new File(savePath);FileOutputStream write = new FileOutputStream(file);byte[] decode = Base64.getEncoder().encode(new BASE64Encoder().encode(baos.toByteArray()).getBytes());write.write(decode);write.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}// 返回不换行的编码return ValidateCodeConstant.base64Prefix + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(baos.toByteArray());}
/*** 说明: 生成自定义验证码 图片大小* 验证码宽为 120，高为40，长度为4位，不生成为图片存放** @param* @return String 单行的base64编码，携带文件前缀* @author zhangxiaosan* @create 2022/11/24*/public static Map<String, Object> createValidateCodeImage(Integer w, Integer h, String code, String savePath) throws Exception {String validateCodeImage = createValidateCodeImageBase(w, h, code, savePath);Map<String, Object> res = new HashMap<String, Object>();res.put("code", code);res.put("base64", validateCodeImage);res.put("w", w);res.put("h", h);res.put("uuid",UUID.randomUUID());return res;}
/*** 说明: 生成默认的验证码* 验证码宽为 120，高为40，长度为4位，不生成为图片存放** @param* @return String 单行的base64编码，携带文件前缀* @author zhangxiaosan* @create 2022/11/24*/public static Map<String, Object> createValidateCodeImage() throws Exception {String code = getStringRandom(ValidateCodeConstant.size);return createValidateCodeImage( ValidateCodeConstant.width, ValidateCodeConstant.height, code, ValidateCodeConstant.saveImagePath);}
/*** 说明: 生成自定义验证码位数* 验证码宽为 120，高为40，长度为4位，不生成为图片存放** @param* @return String 单行的base64编码，携带文件前缀* @author zhangxiaosan* @create 2022/11/24*/public static Map<String, Object> createValidateCodeImage(Integer size) throws Exception {String code = getStringRandom(size);return createValidateCodeImage(ValidateCodeConstant.width, ValidateCodeConstant.height, code, ValidateCodeConstant.saveImagePath);}
/*** 说明: 生成自定义验证码 图片大小* 长度为4位，不生成为图片存放** @param* @return String 单行的base64编码，携带文件前缀* @author zhangxiaosan* @create 2022/11/24*/public static Map<String, Object> createValidateCodeImage(Integer w, Integer h) throws Exception {String code = getStringRandom(ValidateCodeConstant.size);return createValidateCodeImage(ValidateCodeConstant.width, ValidateCodeConstant.height, code, ValidateCodeConstant.saveImagePath);}
/*** 说明: 生成自定义验证码 图片大小* 长度为4位，不生成为图片存放** @param* @return String 单行的base64编码，携带文件前缀* @author zhangxiaosan* @create 2022/11/24*/public static Map<String, Object> createValidateCodeImage(Integer w, Integer h,Integer size) throws Exception {String code = getStringRandom(size);return createValidateCodeImage( w, h, code, ValidateCodeConstant.saveImagePath);}
}
使用
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {ValidateCodeUtil.createValidateCodeImage().forEach((k,v)->{System.out.println(k+":"+v);});}
结果如下：
code: mo1Uw: 120base64: data:image/jpeg;base64,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h: 40uuid: 404d2e57-f666-4958-9557-2c113af654bf
结果说明：
w : 宽
h ：高
code: 验证码
uuid: 验证码唯一标识
base64：验证码图片编码，可以传给前端在html 的 <img src=‘’ "/ > 中展示验证码图片
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