OpenCV基础知识入门
小白学视觉
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2020-11-16 13:44
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重磅干货，第一时间送达
OpenCV
先决条件
https://code.visualstudio.com/download
python -m venv env
env\scripts\activate激活环境，你会在C:\Users\username\Desktop\opencv之前看到小括号(env)出现。pip install opencv-python
我们会在本文中涵盖7个主题
读，写和显示图像
img = cv2.imread("PATH_TO_IMAGE.jpg/png")
Example
img = imread("images/dog0.jpg")
cv2.imshow("WINDOW NAME",IMG_VAR)
Example
imshow("Dog Image",img)
cv2.imwrite(FILENAME, IMAGE)
filename: A string representing the file name. The filename must include image format like .jpg, .png, etc.
image: It is the image that is to be saved.
Example
cv2.imwrite('images/img',img)
读取视频并与网络摄像头集成
video = cv2.VideoCapture("FILEPATH.mp4")
Example
video = cv2.VideoCapture("video/dog/dog.mp4")
while True:
success , img = cap.read()
cv2.imshow("Video",img)
if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xff==ord('q'):##key 'q' will break the loop
break
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
cap.set(3,640) ## Frame width
cap.set(4,480) ## Frame Height
cap.set(10,100) ## Brightness
while True:
success, img = cap.read()
cv2.imshow("Video",img)
if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xff == ord('q'):
break
调整大小和裁剪图像
cv2.resize(IMG,(WIDTH,HEIGHT))
IMG: image which we want to resize
WIDTH: new width of the resize image
HEIGHT: new height of the resize image
Example
cv2.resize(img,(224,224))
shape来找到任何图像的形状，然后根据图像形状，可以增加或减小图像的大小。让我们看看示例。import cv2
img = cv2.imread("images/img0.jpg") ##Choose any image
print(img.shape)
imgResize = cv2.resize(img,(224,224)) ##Decrease size
imgResize2 = cv2.resize(img,(1024,1024)) ##Increase size
cv2.imshow("Image",img)
cv2.imshow("Image Resize",imgResize)
cv2.imshow("Image Increase size",imgResize2)
print(imgResize.shape)
cv2.waitKey(0)
import cv2
img = cv2.imread("images/img0.jpg") ##Choose any image
print(img.shape)
shape = img.shape
imgResize = cv2.resize(img,(shape[0]//2,shape[1]//2))##Decrease size
imgResize2 = cv2.resize(img,(shape[0]*2,shape[1]*2)) ##Increase size
cv2.imshow("Image",img)
cv2.imshow("Image Resize",imgResize)
cv2.imshow("Image Increase size",imgResize2)
print(imgResize.shape)
cv2.waitKey(0)
imgCropped = img[y1:y2, x1:x2]
(x1,y1): top-left vertex
(x2,y2): bottom-right vertex
Example
imgCropped = img[0:100,200:200]
import cv2
img = cv2.imread("images/img0.jpg")
imgCropped = img[50:250,120:330]
cv2.imshow("Image cropped",imgCropped)
cv2.imshow("Image",img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
基本的图像过滤器使用的函数
cvtColor，这里我们将cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY作为参数传递。imgGray = cv2.cvtColor(IMG,cv2.CODE)
IMG: Original image
CODE: Conversion code for Gray(COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
Example
imgGray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
cvtColor，这里我们将cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV作为参数传递。它主要用于对象跟踪。imgGray = cv2.cvtColor(IMG,cv2.CODE)
IMG: Original image
CODE: Conversion code for Gray(COLOR_BGR2HSV)
Example
imgHsv = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
imgBlur = cv2.GaussianBlur(img,(sigmaX,sigmaY),kernalSize)
kernalsize − A Size object representing the size of the kernel.
sigmaX − A variable representing the Gaussian kernel standard deviation in X direction.
sigmaY - same as sigmaX
Exmaple
imgBlur = cv2.GaussianBlur(img,(3,3),0)
imgCanny = cv2.Canny(img,threshold1,threshold2)
threshold1,threshold2:Different values of threshold different for every images
Example
imgCanny = cv2.Canny(img,100,150)
kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8) ## DEFINING KERNEL OF 5x5
imgDialation = cv2.dilate(imgCanny,kernel,iterations=1) ##DIALATION
kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8) ## DEFINING KERNEL OF 5x5
imgDialation = cv2.erode(imgCanny,kernel,iterations=1) ##EROSION
绘制不同的形状
cv2.rectangle(img,(w,h),(x,y),(R,G,B),THICKNESS)
w: width
h: height
x: distance from x axis
y: distance from y axis
R,G,B: color in RGB form (255,255,0)
THICKNESS: thickness of rectangel(integer)
Example
cv2.rectangle(img,(100,300),(200,300),(255,0,255),2)
cv2.circle(img,(x,y),radius,(R,G,B),THICKNESS)
x: distance from x axis
y: distance from y axis
radius: size of radius(integer)
R,G,B: color in RGB form (255,255,0)
THICKNESS: thickness of rectangel(integer)
Example
cv2.circle(img,(200,130),90,(255,255,0),2)
cv2.line(img,(x1,y1),(x2,y2),(R,G,B),THICKNESS)
x1,y1: start point of line (integer)
x2,y2: end point of line (integer)
R,G,B: color in RGB form (255,255,0)
THICKNESS: thickness of rectangel(integer)
Example
cv2.line(img,(110,260),(300,260),(0,255,0),3)
在图像上书写文字
cv2.putText(img,text,(x,y),FONT,FONT_SCALE,(R,G,B),THICKNESS)
img: image to put text on
text: text to put on image
X: text distance from X axis
Y: text distance from Y axis
FONT: Type of FONT (ALL FONT TYPES)
FONT_SCALE: Scale of Font(Integer)
R,G,B: color in RGB form (255,255,0)
THICKNESS: thickness of rectangel(integer)
Example
cv2.putText(img,"HELLO",(120,250),cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX,1,(255,255,255),2)
检测并裁剪脸部
https://github.com/opencv/opencv/tree/master/data/haarcascades
import cv2
# Load the cascade
face_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier('haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml')
# Read the input image
img = cv2.imread('images/img0.jpg')
# Convert into grayscale
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# Detect faces
faces = face_cascade.detectMultiScale(gray, 1.3, 4)
# Draw rectangle around the faces
for (x, y, w, h) in faces:
cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x+w, y+h), (255, 0, 0), 2)
# Cropping Face
crop_face = img[y:y + h, x:x + w]
#Saving Cropped Face
cv2.imwrite(str(w) + str(h) + '_faces.jpg', crop_face)
cv2.imshow('img', img)
cv2.imshow("imgcropped",crop_face)
cv2.waitKey()
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