Python 绘制惊艳的桑基图
导读：本文中，我们使用 Python 的 plotly 绘制桑基图。
df_medals = pd.read_excel("data/Medals.xlsx")
print(df_medals.info())
df_medals.rename(columns={'Team/NOC':'Country', 'Total': 'Total Medals', 'Gold':'Gold Medals', 'Silver': 'Silver Medals', 'Bronze': 'Bronze Medals'}, inplace=True)
df_medals.drop(columns=['Unnamed: 7','Unnamed: 8','Rank by Total'], inplace=True)
df_medals
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 93 entries, 0 to 92
Data columns (total 9 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 Rank 93 non-null int64
1 Team/NOC 93 non-null object
2 Gold 93 non-null int64
3 Silver 93 non-null int64
4 Bronze 93 non-null int64
5 Total 93 non-null int64
6 Rank by Total 93 non-null int64
7 Unnamed: 7 0 non-null float64
8 Unnamed: 8 1 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(2), int64(6), object(1)
memory usage: 6.7+ KB
None
0：美国：绿色 1：中国：蓝色 2：日本：橙色
3：金牌：金色 4：银牌：银色 5：铜牌：棕色
0 (美国) 至 3,4,5 : 39, 41, 33 1 (中国) 至 3,4,5 : 38, 32, 18 2 (日本) 至 3,4,5 : 27, 14, 17
nodes （源和目标）：标签和颜色作为单独的列表和 links：源节点、目标节点、值（宽度）和链接的颜色作为单独的列表
NODES = dict(
# 0 1 2 3 4 5
label = ["United States of America", "People's Republic of China", "Japan", "Gold", "Silver", "Bronze"],
color = ["seagreen", "dodgerblue", "orange", "gold", "silver", "brown" ],)
LINKS = dict(
source = [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2], # 链接的起点或源节点
target = [ 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5], # 链接的目的地或目标节点
value = [ 39, 41, 33, 38, 32, 18, 27, 14, 17], # 链接的宽度（数量）
# 链接的颜色
# 目标节点： 3-Gold 4-Silver 5-Bronze
color = [
"lightgreen", "lightgreen", "lightgreen", # 源节点：0 - 美国 States of America
"lightskyblue", "lightskyblue", "lightskyblue", # 源节点：1 - 中华人民共和国China
"bisque", "bisque", "bisque"],) # 源节点：2 - 日本
data = go.Sankey(node = NODES, link = LINKS)
fig = go.Figure(data)
fig.show()
NODES = dict(
# 0 1 2 3 4 5
label = ["United States of America", "People's Republic of China", "Japan", "Gold", "Silver", "Bronze"],
color = ["seagreen", "dodgerblue", "orange", "gold", "silver", "brown" ],)
x = [ 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5],
y = [ 0, 0.5, 1, 0.1, 0.5, 1],)
data = go.Sankey(node = NODES, link = LINKS)
fig = go.Figure(data)
fig.update_layout(title="Olympics - 2021: Country & Medals", font_size=16)
fig.show()
节点美国共获得11枚奖牌（=39金+41银+33铜） 节点金牌共有104枚奖牌（=美国39枚，中国38枚，日本27枚）
对于节点，由于hoverlabels 没有提供新信息，通过传递一个空hovertemplate = ""来去掉hoverlabel 对于链接，可以使标签简洁，格式为 - 对于节点和链接，让我们使用后缀"Medals"显示值。例如 113 枚奖牌而不是 113 枚。这可以通过使用具有适当valueformat和valuesuffix的update_traces函数来实现。
NODES = dict(
# 0 1 2 3 4 5
label = ["United States of America", "People's Republic of China", "Japan", "Gold", "Silver", "Bronze"],
color = [ "seagreen", "dodgerblue", "orange", "gold", "silver", "brown" ],
x = [ 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5],
y = [ 0, 0.5, 1, 0.1, 0.5, 1],
hovertemplate=" ",)
LINK_LABELS = []
for country in ["USA","China","Japan"]:
for medal in ["Gold","Silver","Bronze"]:
LINK_LABELS.append(f"{country}-{medal}")
LINKS = dict(source = [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2],
# 链接的起点或源节点
target = [ 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5],
# 链接的目的地或目标节点
value = [ 39, 41, 33, 38, 32, 18, 27, 14, 17],
# 链接的宽度（数量）
# 链接的颜色
# 目标节点：3-Gold 4 -Silver 5-Bronze
color = ["lightgreen", "lightgreen", "lightgreen", # 源节点：0 - 美国
"lightskyblue", "lightskyblue", "lightskyblue", # 源节点：1 - 中国
"bisque", "bisque", "bisque"], # 源节点：2 - 日本
label = LINK_LABELS,
hovertemplate="%{label}",)
data = go.Sankey(node = NODES, link = LINKS)
fig = go.Figure(data)
fig.update_layout(title="Olympics - 2021: Country & Medals",
font_size=16, width=1200, height=500,)
fig.update_traces(valueformat='3d',
valuesuffix='Medals',
selector=dict(type='sankey'))
fig.update_layout(hoverlabel=dict(bgcolor="lightgray",
font_size=16,
font_family="Rockwell"))
fig.show("png") #fig.show()
该代码可以推广到处理数据集中的所有国家。 还可以将图表扩展到另一个层次，以可视化各国的奖牌总数。
NUM_COUNTRIES = 5
X_POS, Y_POS = 0.5, 1/(NUM_COUNTRIES-1)
NODE_COLORS = ["seagreen", "dodgerblue", "orange", "palevioletred", "darkcyan"]
LINK_COLORS = ["lightgreen", "lightskyblue", "bisque", "pink", "lightcyan"]
source = []
node_x_pos, node_y_pos = [], []
node_labels, node_colors = [], NODE_COLORS[0:NUM_COUNTRIES]
link_labels, link_colors, link_values = [], [], []
# 第一组链接和节点
for i in range(NUM_COUNTRIES):
source.extend([i]*3)
node_x_pos.append(0.01)
node_y_pos.append(round(i*Y_POS+0.01,2))
country = df_medals['Country'][i]
node_labels.append(country)
for medal in ["Gold", "Silver", "Bronze"]:
link_labels.append(f"{country}-{medal}")
link_values.append(df_medals[f"{medal} Medals"][i])
link_colors.extend([LINK_COLORS[i]]*3)
source_last = max(source)+1
target = [ source_last, source_last+1, source_last+2] * NUM_COUNTRIES
target_last = max(target)+1
node_labels.extend(["Gold", "Silver", "Bronze"])
node_colors.extend(["gold", "silver", "brown"])
node_x_pos.extend([X_POS, X_POS, X_POS])
node_y_pos.extend([0.01, 0.5, 1])
# 最后一组链接和节点
source.extend([ source_last, source_last+1, source_last+2])
target.extend([target_last]*3)
node_labels.extend(["Total Medals"])
node_colors.extend(["grey"])
node_x_pos.extend([X_POS+0.25])
node_y_pos.extend([0.5])
for medal in ["Gold","Silver","Bronze"]:
link_labels.append(f"{medal}")
link_values.append(df_medals[f"{medal} Medals"][:i+1].sum())
link_colors.extend(["gold", "silver", "brown"])
print("node_labels", node_labels)
print("node_x_pos", node_x_pos); print("node_y_pos", node_y_pos)
node_labels ['United States of America', "People's Republic of China",
'Japan', 'Great Britain', 'ROC', 'Gold', 'Silver',
'Bronze', 'Total Medals']
node_x_pos [0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.75]
node_y_pos [0.01, 0.26, 0.51, 0.76, 1.01, 0.01, 0.5, 1, 0.5]
# 显示的图
NODES = dict(pad = 20, thickness = 20,
line = dict(color = "lightslategrey",
width = 0.5),
hovertemplate=" ",
label = node_labels,
color = node_colors,
x = node_x_pos,
y = node_y_pos, )
LINKS = dict(source = source,
target = target,
value = link_values,
label = link_labels,
color = link_colors,
hovertemplate="%{label}",)
data = go.Sankey(arrangement='snap',
node = NODES,
link = LINKS)
fig = go.Figure(data)
fig.update_traces(valueformat='3d',
valuesuffix=' Medals',
selector=dict(type='sankey'))
fig.update_layout(title="Olympics - 2021: Country & Medals",
font_size=16,
width=1200,
height=500,)
fig.update_layout(hoverlabel=dict(bgcolor="grey",
font_size=14,
font_family="Rockwell"))
fig.show("png")
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