8 种常见 SQL 错误用法
逆锋起笔
共 15358字,需浏览 31分钟
· 2021-07-05
微信搜索
逆锋起笔
关注后回复编程pdf
领取编程大佬们所推荐的 23 种编程资料!
1、LIMIT 语句
SELECT *
FROM operation
WHERE type = 'SQLStats'
AND name = 'SlowLog'
ORDER BY create_time
LIMIT 1000, 10;
SELECT *
FROM operation
WHERE type = 'SQLStats'
AND name = 'SlowLog'
AND create_time > '2017-03-16 14:00:00'
ORDER BY create_time limit 10;
2、隐式转换
mysql> explain extended SELECT *
> FROM my_balance b
> WHERE b.bpn = 14000000123
> AND b.isverified IS NULL ;
mysql> show warnings;
| Warning | 1739 | Cannot use ref access on index 'bpn' due to type or collation conversion on field 'bpn'
3、关联更新、删除
UPDATE operation o
SET status = 'applying'
WHERE o.id IN (SELECT id
FROM (SELECT o.id,
o.status
FROM operation o
WHERE o.group = 123
AND o.status NOT IN ( 'done' )
ORDER BY o.parent,
o.id
LIMIT 1) t);
+----+--------------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+--------------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | o | index | | PRIMARY | 8 | | 24 | Using where; Using temporary |
| 2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | | | | | | | | Impossible WHERE noticed after reading const tables |
| 3 | DERIVED | o | ref | idx_2,idx_5 | idx_5 | 8 | const | 1 | Using where; Using filesort |
+----+--------------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------+
UPDATE operation o
JOIN (SELECT o.id,
o.status
FROM operation o
WHERE o.group = 123
AND o.status NOT IN ( 'done' )
ORDER BY o.parent,
o.id
LIMIT 1) t
ON o.id = t.id
SET status = 'applying'
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+-------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+-------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | | | | | | | | Impossible WHERE noticed after reading const tables |
| 2 | DERIVED | o | ref | idx_2,idx_5 | idx_5 | 8 | const | 1 | Using where; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+-------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------+
4、混合排序
SELECT *
FROM my_order o
INNER JOIN my_appraise a ON a.orderid = o.id
ORDER BY a.is_reply ASC,
a.appraise_time DESC
LIMIT 0, 20
+----+-------------+-------+--------+-------------+---------+---------+---------------+---------+-+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra
+----+-------------+-------+--------+-------------+---------+---------+---------------+---------+-+
| 1 | SIMPLE | a | ALL | idx_orderid | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1967647 | Using filesort |
| 1 | SIMPLE | o | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 122 | a.orderid | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+---------+---------+---------+-----------------+---------+-+
SELECT *
FROM ((SELECT *
FROM my_order o
INNER JOIN my_appraise a
ON a.orderid = o.id
AND is_reply = 0
ORDER BY appraise_time DESC
LIMIT 0, 20)
UNION ALL
(SELECT *
FROM my_order o
INNER JOIN my_appraise a
ON a.orderid = o.id
AND is_reply = 1
ORDER BY appraise_time DESC
LIMIT 0, 20)) t
ORDER BY is_reply ASC,
appraisetime DESC
LIMIT 20;
5、EXISTS语句
SELECT *
FROM my_neighbor n
LEFT JOIN my_neighbor_apply sra
ON n.id = sra.neighbor_id
AND sra.user_id = 'xxx'
WHERE n.topic_status < 4
AND EXISTS(SELECT 1
FROM message_info m
WHERE n.id = m.neighbor_id
AND m.inuser = 'xxx')
AND n.topic_type <> 5
+----+--------------------+-------+------+-----+------------------------------------------+---------+-------+---------+ -----+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+--------------------+-------+------+ -----+------------------------------------------+---------+-------+---------+ -----+
| 1 | PRIMARY | n | ALL | | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1086041 | Using where |
| 1 | PRIMARY | sra | ref | | idx_user_id | 123 | const | 1 | Using where |
| 2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | m | ref | | idx_message_info | 122 | const | 1 | Using index condition; Using where |
+----+--------------------+-------+------+ -----+------------------------------------------+---------+-------+---------+ -----+
SELECT *
FROM my_neighbor n
INNER JOIN message_info m
ON n.id = m.neighbor_id
AND m.inuser = 'xxx'
LEFT JOIN my_neighbor_apply sra
ON n.id = sra.neighbor_id
AND sra.user_id = 'xxx'
WHERE n.topic_status < 4
AND n.topic_type <> 5
+----+-------------+-------+--------+ -----+------------------------------------------+---------+ -----+------+ -----+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+ -----+------------------------------------------+---------+ -----+------+ -----+
| 1 | SIMPLE | m | ref | | idx_message_info | 122 | const | 1 | Using index condition |
| 1 | SIMPLE | n | eq_ref | | PRIMARY | 122 | ighbor_id | 1 | Using where |
| 1 | SIMPLE | sra | ref | | idx_user_id | 123 | const | 1 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+ -----+------------------------------------------+---------+ -----+------+ -----+
6、条件下推
聚合子查询;
含有 LIMIT 的子查询;
UNION 或 UNION ALL 子查询;
输出字段中的子查询;
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT target,
Count(*)
FROM operation
GROUP BY target) t
WHERE target = 'rm-xxxx'
+----+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | <derived2> | ref | <auto_key0> | <auto_key0> | 514 | const | 2 | Using where |
| 2 | DERIVED | operation | index | idx_4 | idx_4 | 519 | NULL | 20 | Using index |
+----+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
SELECT target,
Count(*)
FROM operation
WHERE target = 'rm-xxxx'
GROUP BY target
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-------+---------+-------+------+--------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-------+---------+-------+------+--------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | operation | ref | idx_4 | idx_4 | 514 | const | 1 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-------+---------+-------+------+--------------------+
http://mysql.taobao.org/monthly/2016/07/08
7、提前缩小范围
SELECT *
FROM my_order o
LEFT JOIN my_userinfo u
ON o.uid = u.uid
LEFT JOIN my_productinfo p
ON o.pid = p.pid
WHERE ( o.display = 0 )
AND ( o.ostaus = 1 )
ORDER BY o.selltime DESC
LIMIT 0, 15
+----+-------------+-------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | o | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 909119 | Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort |
| 1 | SIMPLE | u | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | o.uid | 1 | NULL |
| 1 | SIMPLE | p | ALL | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | 6 | Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop) |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------+
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT *
FROM my_order o
WHERE ( o.display = 0 )
AND ( o.ostaus = 1 )
ORDER BY o.selltime DESC
LIMIT 0, 15
) o
LEFT JOIN my_userinfo u
ON o.uid = u.uid
LEFT JOIN my_productinfo p
ON o.pid = p.pid
ORDER BY o.selltime DESC
limit 0, 15
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | <derived2> | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 15 | Using temporary; Using filesort |
| 1 | PRIMARY | u | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | o.uid | 1 | NULL |
| 1 | PRIMARY | p | ALL | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | 6 | Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop) |
| 2 | DERIVED | o | index | NULL | idx_1 | 5 | NULL | 909112 | Using where |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------+
8、中间结果集下推
SELECT a.*,
c.allocated
FROM (
SELECT resourceid
FROM my_distribute d
WHERE isdelete = 0
AND cusmanagercode = '1234567'
ORDER BY salecode limit 20) a
LEFT JOIN
(
SELECT resourcesid, sum(ifnull(allocation, 0) * 12345) allocated
FROM my_resources
GROUP BY resourcesid) c
ON a.resourceid = c.resourcesid
SELECT a.*,
c.allocated
FROM (
SELECT resourceid
FROM my_distribute d
WHERE isdelete = 0
AND cusmanagercode = '1234567'
ORDER BY salecode limit 20) a
LEFT JOIN
(
SELECT resourcesid, sum(ifnull(allocation, 0) * 12345) allocated
FROM my_resources r,
(
SELECT resourceid
FROM my_distribute d
WHERE isdelete = 0
AND cusmanagercode = '1234567'
ORDER BY salecode limit 20) a
WHERE r.resourcesid = a.resourcesid
GROUP BY resourcesid) c
ON a.resourceid = c.resourcesid
WITH a AS
(
SELECT resourceid
FROM my_distribute d
WHERE isdelete = 0
AND cusmanagercode = '1234567'
ORDER BY salecode limit 20)
SELECT a.*,
c.allocated
FROM a
LEFT JOIN
(
SELECT resourcesid, sum(ifnull(allocation, 0) * 12345) allocated
FROM my_resources r,
a
WHERE r.resourcesid = a.resourcesid
GROUP BY resourcesid) c
ON a.resourceid = c.resourcesid
总结
逆锋起笔
是一个专注于程序员圈子的技术平台,你可以收获最新技术动态
、最新内测资格
、BAT等大厂大佬的经验
、增长自身
、学习资料
、职业路线
、赚钱思维
,微信搜索逆锋起笔
关注!
这些年小编给你分享过的干货
支持下
评论
10个高级的 SQL 查询技巧
来源:towardsdatascience.com/ten-advanced-sql-concepts-you-should-know-for-data-science-interviews-4d7015ec74b0👉 欢迎加入小哈的星球 ,你将获得: 专属的项目实战 / Jav
小哈学Java
0
1000Mbps换算成MB/s是多少?除以8?想简单了!
原文链接:https://post.smzdm.com/p/azoqenzp/在网络传输的时候,往往会用到Mbps这个单位,GbE or 1 GigE 的网卡现在很流行,这个东西被大家叫做“千兆网卡”。同时,大家特别习惯用GB或者MB来描述一个磁盘的大小。这个叫做Gigabyte或者Megabyte
测试开发技术
0
面试官:限流的常见算法有哪些?
限流的实现算法有很多,但常见的限流算法有三种:计数器算法、漏桶算法和令牌桶算法。1.计数器算法计数器算法是在一定的时间间隔里,记录请求次数,当请求次数超过该时间限制时,就把计数器清零,然后重新计算。当请求次数超过间隔内的最大次数时,拒绝访问。计数器算法的实现比较简单,但存在“突刺现象”。突刺现象是指
Stephen
0
常见 Cilium 使用案例
常见20个 Cilium 使用案例(2)本文翻译来源于 Isovalent 网站的Top 20 Cilium Use Cases(https://isovalent.com/blog/post/top-20-cilium-use-cases/)。由于平台限制,原文中的一些超链接被移除。Cilium是
k8s技术圈
2
面试官:工作中常见OOM有哪些?
面试题大全:www.javacn.site今天接着线上问题这个话题,跟大家一起聊聊线上服务出现OOM的场景有哪些?希望对你会有所帮助。1 堆内存OOM堆内存OOM是最常见的OOM了。出现堆内存OOM问题的异常信息如下:java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java&nbs
Java中文社群
0
图解 SQL 执行顺序,通俗易懂!
来源:blog.csdn.net/weixin_44141495/article/details/108744720/数据的关联过程from&join&wheregroup byhaving&whereselectorder bylimit这是一条标准的查询语句:图片这是我们
Java专栏
10
8种专坑运维的 SQL 写法,性能降低100倍,您不来看看?
来源:机器之心1、LIMIT 语句分页查询是最常用的场景之一,但也通常也是最容易出问题的地方。比如对于下面简单的语句,一般 DBA 想到的办法是在 type,name, create_time 字段上加组合索引。这样条件排序都能有效的利用到索引,性能迅速提升。SELECT *FROM opera
良许Linux
0
有了这 4 款脚本工具, 再也不怕写烂 SQL了!!!
来自:toutiao.com/a6691523026984370699mysqltuner.pltuning-primer.shpt-variable-advisorpt-qurey-digest对于正在运行的mysql,性能如何,参数设置的是否合理,账号设置的是否存在安全隐患,你是否了然于胸呢?俗
良许Linux
0