Java反射到底慢在哪?
阅读本文大概需要 6 分钟。
来自:https://www.jianshu.com/p/4e2b49fa8ba1
public class ReflectionPerformanceActivity extends Activity{private TextView mExecuteResultTxtView = null;private EditText mExecuteCountEditTxt = null;private Executor mPerformanceExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();private static final int AVERAGE_COUNT = 10;protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_reflection_performance_layout);mExecuteResultTxtView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.executeResultTxtId);mExecuteCountEditTxt = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.executeCountEditTxtId);}public void onClick(View v){switch(v.getId()){case R.id.executeBtnId:{execute();}break;default:{}break;}}private void execute(){mExecuteResultTxtView.setText("");mPerformanceExecutor.execute(new Runnable(){public void run(){long costTime = 0;int executeCount = Integer.parseInt(mExecuteCountEditTxt.getText().toString());long reflectMethodCostTime=0,normalMethodCostTime=0,reflectFieldCostTime=0,normalFieldCostTime=0;updateResultTextView(executeCount + "毫秒耗时情况测试");for(int index = 0; index < AVERAGE_COUNT; index++){updateResultTextView("第 " + (index+1) + " 次");costTime = getNormalCallCostTime(executeCount);reflectMethodCostTime += costTime;updateResultTextView("执行直接调用方法耗时:" + costTime + " 毫秒");costTime = getReflectCallMethodCostTime(executeCount);normalMethodCostTime += costTime;updateResultTextView("执行反射调用方法耗时:" + costTime + " 毫秒");costTime = getNormalFieldCostTime(executeCount);reflectFieldCostTime += costTime;updateResultTextView("执行普通调用实例耗时:" + costTime + " 毫秒");costTime = getReflectCallFieldCostTime(executeCount);normalFieldCostTime += costTime;updateResultTextView("执行反射调用实例耗时:" + costTime + " 毫秒");}updateResultTextView("执行直接调用方法平均耗时:" + reflectMethodCostTime/AVERAGE_COUNT + " 毫秒");updateResultTextView("执行反射调用方法平均耗时:" + normalMethodCostTime/AVERAGE_COUNT + " 毫秒");updateResultTextView("执行普通调用实例平均耗时:" + reflectFieldCostTime/AVERAGE_COUNT + " 毫秒");updateResultTextView("执行反射调用实例平均耗时:" + normalFieldCostTime/AVERAGE_COUNT + " 毫秒");}});}private long getReflectCallMethodCostTime(int count){long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();for(int index = 0 ; index < count; index++){ProgramMonkey programMonkey = new ProgramMonkey("小明", "男", 12);try{Method setmLanguageMethod = programMonkey.getClass().getMethod("setmLanguage", String.class);setmLanguageMethod.setAccessible(true);setmLanguageMethod.invoke(programMonkey, "Java");}catch(IllegalAccessException e){e.printStackTrace();}catch(InvocationTargetException e){e.printStackTrace();}catch(NoSuchMethodException e){e.printStackTrace();}}return System.currentTimeMillis()-startTime;}private long getReflectCallFieldCostTime(int count){long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();for(int index = 0 ; index < count; index++){ProgramMonkey programMonkey = new ProgramMonkey("小明", "男", 12);try{Field ageField = programMonkey.getClass().getDeclaredField("mLanguage");ageField.set(programMonkey, "Java");}catch(NoSuchFieldException e){e.printStackTrace();}catch(IllegalAccessException e){e.printStackTrace();}}return System.currentTimeMillis()-startTime;}private long getNormalCallCostTime(int count){long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();for(int index = 0 ; index < count; index++){ProgramMonkey programMonkey = new ProgramMonkey("小明", "男", 12);programMonkey.setmLanguage("Java");}return System.currentTimeMillis()-startTime;}private long getNormalFieldCostTime(int count){long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();for(int index = 0 ; index < count; index++){ProgramMonkey programMonkey = new ProgramMonkey("小明", "男", 12);programMonkey.mLanguage = "Java";}return System.currentTimeMillis()-startTime;}private void updateResultTextView(final String content){ReflectionPerformanceActivity.this.runOnUiThread(new Runnable(){public void run(){mExecuteResultTxtView.append(content);mExecuteResultTxtView.append("\n");}});}}

反射的确会导致性能问题;
反射导致的性能问题是否严重跟使用的次数有关系,如果控制在100次以内,基本上没什么差别,如果调用次数超过了100次,性能差异会很明显;
四种访问方式,直接访问实例的方式效率最高;其次是直接调用方法的方式,耗时约为直接调用实例的1.4倍;接着是通过反射访问实例的方式,耗时约为直接访问实例的3.75倍;最慢的是通过反射访问方法的方式,耗时约为直接访问实例的6.2倍;
private long getReflectCallMethodCostTime(int count){long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();ProgramMonkey programMonkey = new ProgramMonkey("小明", "男", 12);Method setmLanguageMethod = null;try{setmLanguageMethod = programMonkey.getClass().getMethod("setmLanguage", String.class);setmLanguageMethod.setAccessible(true);}catch(NoSuchMethodException e){e.printStackTrace();}for(int index = 0 ; index < count; index++){try{setmLanguageMethod.invoke(programMonkey, "Java");}catch(IllegalAccessException e){e.printStackTrace();}catch(InvocationTargetException e){e.printStackTrace();}}return System.currentTimeMillis()-startTime;}private long getReflectCallFieldCostTime(int count){long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();ProgramMonkey programMonkey = new ProgramMonkey("小明", "男", 12);Field ageField = null;try{ageField = programMonkey.getClass().getDeclaredField("mLanguage");}catch(NoSuchFieldException e){e.printStackTrace();}for(int index = 0 ; index < count; index++){try{ageField.set(programMonkey, "Java");}catch(IllegalAccessException e){e.printStackTrace();}}return System.currentTimeMillis()-startTime;}

private long getReflectCallMethodCostTime(int count){long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();ProgramMonkey programMonkey = new ProgramMonkey("小明", "男", 12);for(int index = 0 ; index < count; index++){try{Method setmLanguageMethod = programMonkey.getClass().getMethod("setmLanguage", String.class);}catch(NoSuchMethodException e){e.printStackTrace();}}return System.currentTimeMillis()-startTime;}private long getReflectCallFieldCostTime(int count){long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();ProgramMonkey programMonkey = new ProgramMonkey("小明", "男", 12);for(int index = 0 ; index < count; index++){try{Field ageField = programMonkey.getClass().getDeclaredField("mLanguage");}catch(NoSuchFieldException e){e.printStackTrace();}}return System.currentTimeMillis()-startTime;}

getMethod和getDeclaredField方法会比invoke和set方法耗时;
随着测试数量级越大,性能差异的比例越趋于稳定;
不要过于频繁地使用反射,大量地使用反射会带来性能问题;
通过反射直接访问实例会比访问方法快很多,所以应该优先采用访问实例的方式。
测试频繁调用native方法是否会有明显的性能问题;
测试同一个方法内,过多的条件判断是否会有明显的性能问题;
测试类的复杂程度是否会对反射的性能有明显影响。
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