自学HarmonyOS应用开发(57)- 与Service进行交互

生成一个Service之后,就需要构建一个Connection对象并通过它实现PageAbility和ServiceAbility之间的交互。
构建自己的Connection类
StopWatchServiceConnection类的主要功能有两个:一是接受连接成功通知并获取服务端传过来的用于通信的IRemoteObject对象,这是onAbilityConnectDone方法的主要工作;二是接收连接成功切断时的通知。
public class StopWatchServiceConnection implements IAbilityConnection {static final HiLogLabel LOG_LABEL = new HiLogLabel(HiLog.LOG_APP, 0x00211, "StopWatchServiceConnection");public static final int EVENT_CONNECT_DONE = 0x1000001;public static final int EVENT_DISCONNECT_DONE = 0x1000002;/*** handle message from service to ability slice*/private static EventHandler handler = new EventHandler(EventRunner.current()) {protected void processEvent(InnerEvent event) {switch(event.eventId){case EVENT_CONNECT_DONE:break;case EVENT_DISCONNECT_DONE:break;}}};public void onAbilityConnectDone(ElementName elementName, IRemoteObject iRemoteObject, int resultCode) {HiLog.info(LOG_LABEL, "%{public}s", "onAbilityConnectDone resultCode : " + resultCode);InnerEvent innerEvent = InnerEvent.get(EVENT_CONNECT_DONE, resultCode, new StopWatchAgentProxy(iRemoteObject));handler.sendEvent(innerEvent);}public void onAbilityDisconnectDone(ElementName elementName, int resultCode) {HiLog.info(LOG_LABEL, "%{public}s", "onAbilityDisconnectDone resultCode : " + resultCode);InnerEvent innerEvent = InnerEvent.get(EVENT_DISCONNECT_DONE, resultCode);handler.sendEvent(innerEvent);}}
需要说明的是:由于onAbilityConnectDone和onAbilityDisconnectDone不是UI线程上下文中被调用,因此必须通过一个EventHandler进行上下文切换之后才能安全地在UI线程中使用。
使用Connection类
StopWatchServiceConnection构建完成之后,就可以使用它在PageAbility和ServiceAbility之间建立沟通渠道。
private void connectService() {HiLog.info(LOG_LABEL, "MainAbilitySlice.connectService!");Intent intent = getLocalServiceIntent(LOCAL_BUNDLE, FOREGROUND_SERVICE);connection = new StopWatchServiceConnection();connectAbility(intent, connection);}private Intent getLocalServiceIntent(String bundleName, String serviceName) {Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder().withDeviceId("").withBundleName(bundleName).withAbilityName(serviceName).build();Intent intent = new Intent();intent.setOperation(operation);return intent;}
代码第4行用到了前面构建的StopWatchServiceConnection类。
通过IRemoteObject调用Service Ability的功能
IRemoteObject作为HarmonyOS中的基础类,只提供线程通信的基本功能,开发者还需要另外定义和实现业务领域的接口。
我们使用HarmonyOS IDL定义如下接口:
interface xwg.harmony.stopwatch.StopWatchAgent {/** Example of a service method that uses some parameters*/void setCurrentTab([in] int index);int getCurrentTab();boolean start();void stop();boolean isRunning();long getStartTime();long getTime();void resetTime();void recordTime();String[] getLapTimes();void registerLocationEvent();double[] getCurrentLocation();}
我们将这个文件加入到项目中,启动编译过程之后,DevEco Studio会自动生成三个用于线程通信的辅助类。
第一个是接口定义文件:
public interface StopWatchAgent extends IRemoteBroker {void setCurrentTab(/* [in] */ int index) throws RemoteException;int getCurrentTab() throws RemoteException;};
可以看到这个文件就是IDL文件的java语言实现。
第二个文件是用来将用户请求进行封装后调用IRemoteObject的功能进行线程或进程通信的StopWatchAgentProxy类。
public class StopWatchAgentProxy implements StopWatchAgent {public StopWatchAgentProxy(/* [in] */ IRemoteObject remote) {this.remote = remote;}public IRemoteObject asObject() {return remote;}public void setCurrentTab(/* [in] */ int index) throws RemoteException {MessageParcel data = MessageParcel.obtain();MessageParcel reply = MessageParcel.obtain();MessageOption option = new MessageOption(MessageOption.TF_SYNC);data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);data.writeInt(index);try {remote.sendRequest(COMMAND_SET_CURRENT_TAB, data, reply, option);reply.readException();} finally {data.reclaim();reply.reclaim();}}public int getCurrentTab() throws RemoteException {MessageParcel data = MessageParcel.obtain();MessageParcel reply = MessageParcel.obtain();MessageOption option = new MessageOption(MessageOption.TF_SYNC);data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);try {remote.sendRequest(COMMAND_GET_CURRENT_TAB, data, reply, option);reply.readException();int result = reply.readInt();return result;} finally {data.reclaim();reply.reclaim();}}};
代码比较长,但每个接口的套路都一样。有了使用StopWatchAgentProxy,PageAbility就可以直接调用ServiceAbility的功能,而不需要关心这些功能是在其他线程还是其他设备。
最后是一个用于帮助ServiceAbility实现接口的StopWatchAgengStub类:
public abstract class StopWatchAgentStub extends RemoteObject implements StopWatchAgent {...public StopWatchAgentStub(/* [in] */ String descriptor) {super(descriptor);}public IRemoteObject asObject() {return this;}public static StopWatchAgent asInterface(IRemoteObject object) {if (object == null) {return null;}StopWatchAgent result = null;IRemoteBroker broker = object.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);if (broker != null) {if (broker instanceof StopWatchAgent) {result = (StopWatchAgent)broker;}} else {result = new StopWatchAgentProxy(object);}return result;}public boolean onRemoteRequest(/* [in] */ int code,/* [in] */ MessageParcel data,/* [out] */ MessageParcel reply,/* [in] */ MessageOption option) throws RemoteException {String token = data.readInterfaceToken();if (!DESCRIPTOR.equals(token)) {return false;}switch (code) {case COMMAND_SET_CURRENT_TAB: {int index = data.readInt();setCurrentTab(index);reply.writeNoException();return true;}case COMMAND_GET_CURRENT_TAB: {int result;result = getCurrentTab();reply.writeNoException();reply.writeInt(result);return true;}default:return super.onRemoteRequest(code, data, reply, option);}}};
有了StopWatchAgengStub类,ServiceAbility类可以直接实现所需功能而无需关心线程/进程通信的各种细节:
StopWatchAgentStub remoteAgentStub = new StopWatchAgentStub(DESCRIPTOR) {public void setCurrentTab(int index) throws RemoteException {current_tab = index;}public int getCurrentTab() throws RemoteException {return current_tab;}...};
参考代码
完整代码可以从以下链接下载:
https://github.com/xueweiguo/Harmony/tree/master/StopWatch
参考资料:
接口描述语言简介
https://developer.harmonyos.com/cn/docs/documentation/doc-references/idl-overview-0000001050762835
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