Matplotlib优雅作图笔记

# 优雅地创建图和坐标系layout = (3, 2) # 坐标系的布局fig, axes = plt.subplots(*layout) # 添加图和坐标系
# 坐标系索引的两种方式# 1. 矩阵索引ax1 = axes[0][0] #第一个坐标系ax2 = axes[0][1] #第二个坐标系
# 2. 遍历for ax in axes.flat:    pass

# 图fig.legend() # 图-图例
# 坐标系ax.plot() # 坐标系-线ax.scatter() # 坐标系-点ax.grid() #坐标系-网格ax.legend() # 坐标系-图例ax.text() # 坐标系-文字ax.set_title('Title') # 坐标系-标题
# 坐标轴ax.set_xlabel('xlabel')  # 坐标系-坐标轴-标签
# 刻度ax.set_xticklabels(['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five']) # 坐标系-坐标轴-刻度-标签

# 优雅地添加基础类对象props = {'title': 'Title', # 坐标系-标题      'xlabel': 'xlabel', # 坐标系-坐标轴-标签      'xticklabels':xticklabels_list} # 坐标系-坐标轴-刻度-标签ax.set(**props)

# 高效作图第一步：创建figure和axesfig, ax = plt.subplots() # 添加图和坐标系
# 高效作图第二步：添加基础类对象ax.plot(df.index, df['MC_Price']) # 坐标系-线ax.plot(df.index, df['DT_Price']) # 坐标系-线ax.plot(df.index, df['TT_Price']) # 坐标系-线ax.plot(df.index, df['WT_Price']) # 坐标系-线
props = {'title': 'Title', #坐标系-标题        'xlabel': 'xlabel', # 坐标系-坐标轴-标签        'ylabel':'ylabel'} # 坐标系-坐标轴-标签 ax.set(**props)

params = {        "font.size": 12,     # 全局字号        'font.family':'STIXGeneral', # 全局字体        "figure.subplot.wspace":0.2, # 图-子图-宽度百分比        "figure.subplot.hspace":0.4, # 图-子图-高度百分比        "axes.spines.right":False,  # 坐标系-右侧线        "axes.spines.top":False,   # 坐标系-上侧线        "axes.titlesize":12,   # 坐标系-标题-字号        "axes.labelsize": 12,  # 坐标系-标签-字号        "legend.fontsize": 12,  # 图例-字号        "xtick.labelsize": 10,  # 刻度-标签-字号        "ytick.labelsize": 10,  # 刻度-标签-字号        "xtick.direction":'in',   # 刻度-方向        "ytick.direction":'in'  # 刻度-方向}

style_dict = {    'MC_Price':dict(linestyle=':', marker='o',markersize=6,color='#fdae61'),    'WT_Price':dict(linestyle='-',marker='*',markersize=6,color='#d7191c'),    'DT_Price':dict(linestyle='--',marker='s',markersize=6,color='#abdda4'),    'TT_Price':dict(linestyle='-.',marker='v',markersize=6,color='#2b83ba')}

ax.plot(x,y,**style_dict[key])

fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.09, bottom=0.1, right=0.99, top=0.99, wspace=0.1) # 调整子图的位置和间距
ax.set_xlim(min_value, max_value) # 调整坐标轴范围
ax.legend(loc='upper right') #调整图例位置
ax.grid(linestyle="--", alpha=0.2) # 调整网格的线型和透明度

# 优雅地创建Figure和Axesfig, ax = plt.subplots()
# 优雅地添加基础类对象ax.plot(df.index, df['MC_Price'], **style_dict['MC_Price'])ax.plot(df.index, df['DT_Price'], **style_dict['DT_Price'])ax.plot(df.index, df['TT_Price'], **style_dict['TT_Price'])ax.plot(df.index, df['WT_Price'], **style_dict['WT_Price'])
props = {'xlabel': 'xlabel', # 坐标轴-标签      'ylabel':'ylabel'}  # 坐标轴-标签ax.set(**props)
# 优雅地局部美化格式fig.legend(('MC','DT','TT','WT'),frameon=False, loc='upper center',ncol=4,handlelength=4) # 图例
ax.fill_between(df.index, df['MC_up'], df['MC_down'], alpha=0.15, linewidth=0, color='#fdae61') # 阴影ax.grid(linestyle="--", alpha=0.2) # 网格线

\documentclass{article}\begin{document}\showthe\textwidth\end{document}

> 443.86319pt.l.204     \showthe\textwidth

fig_width_pt = 443.86319ptinches_per_pt = 1 / 72.27golden_ratio = (5**.5 - 1) / 2
fig_width_in = fig_width_pt * inches_per_ptfig_height_in = fig_width_in * golden_ratio

fig.savefig('example.pdf', format='pdf', bbox_inches='tight')

\begin{figure}  \centering  \includegraphics{example.pdf}\end{figure}