确保网站无缝运行：Keepalived 高可用与Nginx 集成实战
马哥Linux运维
共 48538字，需浏览 98分钟
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4天前
目录
keepalived高可用(nginx)
keepalived简介
keepalived的重要功能
keepalived高可用架构图
keepalived工作原理描述
keepalived实现nginx负载均衡机高可用
脑裂
脑裂产生的原因
脑裂的常见解决方案
对脑裂进行监控
keepalived简介
keepalived官网
Keepalived 软件起初是专为LVS负载均衡软件设计的，用来管理并监控LVS集群系统中各个服务节点的状态，后来又加入了可以实现高可用的VRRP功能。因此，Keepalived除了能够管理LVS软件外，还可以作为其他服务（例如：Nginx、Haproxy、MySQL等）的高可用解决方案软件。
Keepalived软件主要是通过VRRP协议实现高可用功能的。VRRP是Virtual Router RedundancyProtocol(虚拟路由器冗余协议）的缩写，VRRP出现的目的就是为了解决静态路由单点故障问题的，它能够保证当个别节点宕机时，整个网络可以不间断地运行。
所以，Keepalived 一方面具有配置管理LVS的功能，同时还具有对LVS下面节点进行健康检查的功能，另一方面也可实现系统网络服务的高可用功能。
keepalived的重要功能
eepalived 有三个重要的功能，分别是：
管理LVS负载均衡软件
实现LVS集群节点的健康检查
作为系统网络服务的高可用性（failover）
keepalived高可用架构图
keepalived工作原理描述
Keepalived高可用对之间是通过VRRP通信的，因此，我们从 VRRP开始了解起：
VRRP,全称 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol,中文名为虚拟路由冗余协议，VRRP的出现是为了解决静态路由的单点故障。
VRRP是通过一种竟选协议机制来将路由任务交给某台 VRRP路由器的。
VRRP用 IP多播的方式（默认多播地址（224.0_0.18))实现高可用对之间通信。
工作时主节点发包，备节点接包，当备节点接收不到主节点发的数据包的时候，就启动接管程序接管主节点的开源。备节点可以有多个，通过优先级竞选，但一般 Keepalived系统运维工作中都是一对。
VRRP使用了加密协议加密数据，但Keepalived官方目前还是推荐用明文的方式配置认证类型和密码。
介绍完 VRRP,接下来我再介绍一下 Keepalived服务的工作原理：
Keepalived高可用是通过 VRRP 进行通信的， VRRP是通过竞选机制来确定主备的，主的优先级高于备，因此，工作时主会优先获得所有的资源，备节点处于等待状态，当主挂了的时候，备节点就会接管主节点的资源，然后顶替主节点对外提供服务。
在 Keepalived 服务之间，只有作为主的服务器会一直发送 VRRP 广播包,告诉备它还活着，此时备不会枪占主，当主不可用时，即备监听不到主发送的广播包时，就会启动相关服务接管资源，保证业务的连续性.接管速度最快可以小于1秒。
keepalived实现nginx负载均衡机高可用
环境说明:
| centos 8.5 | master | 192.168.222.138 |
| centos 8.5 | backup | 192.168.222.139 |
本次高可用虚拟IP（VIP）地址暂定为192.168.222.133
keepalived安装
阿里云官网
配置主keepalived
关闭防火墙:
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
配置网络源:
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install wget
[root@master ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@master yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@master yum.repos.d]#sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
安装epel源:
[root@master yum.repos.d]#dnf install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@master yum.repos.d]#sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@master yum.repos.d]#sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@master yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo epel-next-testing.repo epel-playground.repo epel-testing.repo
epel-modular.repo epel-next.repo epel-testing-modular.repo epel.repo
查找keepalived:
[root@master yum.repos.d]# cd
[root@master ~]# dnf list all |grep keepalived
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
keepalived.x86_64 2.1.5-6.el8 AppStream
安装keepalived:
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install keepalived
查看配置文件:
[root@master ~]# ls /etc/keepalived/
keepalived.conf
查看安装生成的文件:
[root@master ~]# rpm -ql keepalived
/etc/keepalived //配置目录
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf //此为主配置文件
/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/usr/bin/genhash
/usr/lib/.build-id
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a/410997e11c666114ca6d785e58ff0cc248744e
/usr/lib/.build-id/6f
/usr/lib/.build-id/6f/ba0d6bad6cb5ff7b074e703849ed93bebf4a0f
/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service //此为服务控制文件
/usr/libexec/keepalived
/usr/sbin/keepalived
/usr/share/doc/keepalived
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/AUTHOR
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/CONTRIBUTORS
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/README
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/TODO
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.HTTP_GET.port
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.IPv6
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.PING_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SMTP_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SSL_GET
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SYNOPSIS
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.UDP_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.conditional_conf
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.fwmark
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.inhibit
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.misc_check
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.misc_check_arg
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.quorum
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.sample
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.status_code
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.track_interface
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.virtual_server_group
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.virtualhost
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.localcheck
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.lvs_syncd
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.routes
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.rules
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.scripts
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.static_ipaddress
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.sync
/usr/share/man/man1/genhash.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/keepalived.conf.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/keepalived.8.gz
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/KEEPALIVED-MIB.txt
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/VRRP-MIB.txt
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/VRRPv3-MIB.txt
用同样的方法在备服务器上安装keepalived
关闭防火墙:
[root@backup ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@backup ~]# setenforce 0
[root@backup ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
配置网络源:
[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install wget
[root@backup ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@backup yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@backup yum.repos.d]#sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
安装epel源
[root@backup yum.repos.d]#dnf install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@backup yum.repos.d]#sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@backup yum.repos.d]#sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@backup yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo epel-next-testing.repo epel-playground.repo epel-testing.repo
epel-modular.repo epel-next.repo epel-testing-modular.repo epel.repo
查找keepalived:
[root@backup yum.repos.d]# cd
[root@backup ~]# dnf list all |grep keepalived
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
keepalived.x86_64 2.1.5-6.el8 AppStream
安装keepalived:
[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install keepalived
查看配置文件:
[root@backup ~]# ls /etc/keepalived/
keepalived.conf
查看安装生成的文件:
[root@backup ~]# rpm -ql keepalived
/etc/keepalived //配置目录
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf //此为主配置文件
/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/usr/bin/genhash
/usr/lib/.build-id
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a/410997e11c666114ca6d785e58ff0cc248744e
/usr/lib/.build-id/6f
/usr/lib/.build-id/6f/ba0d6bad6cb5ff7b074e703849ed93bebf4a0f
/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service //此为服务控制文件
/usr/libexec/keepalived
/usr/sbin/keepalived
/usr/share/doc/keepalived
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/AUTHOR
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/CONTRIBUTORS
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/README
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/TODO
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.HTTP_GET.port
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.IPv6
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.PING_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SMTP_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SSL_GET
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SYNOPSIS
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.UDP_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.conditional_conf
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.fwmark
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.inhibit
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.misc_check
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.misc_check_arg
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.quorum
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.sample
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.status_code
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.track_interface
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.virtual_server_group
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.virtualhost
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.localcheck
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.lvs_syncd
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.routes
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.rules
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.scripts
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.static_ipaddress
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.sync
/usr/share/man/man1/genhash.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/keepalived.conf.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/keepalived.8.gz
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/KEEPALIVED-MIB.txt
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/VRRP-MIB.txt
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/VRRPv3-MIB.txt
在主备机上分别安装nginx
在master上安装nginx
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install nginx
[root@master ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@master html]# ls
404.html 50x.html index.html nginx-logo.png poweredby.png
[root@master html]# echo 'master' > index.html
[root@master html]# systemctl start nginx
[root@master html]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@master html]# systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
//在主节点这边需要设置开机自启
在backup上安装nginx
[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install nginx
[root@backup ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@backup html]# ls
404.html 50x.html index.html nginx-logo.png poweredby.png
[root@backup html]# echo 'backup' > index.html
root@backup html]# systemctl start nginx
[root@backup html]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:*
//在备节点这边不需要设置开机自启
在浏览器上访问试试，确保master上的nginx服务能够正常访问
keepalived配置
配置主keepalived
[root@master html]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@master keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf
[root@master keepalived]# mv keepalived.conf{,-bak}
[root@master keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf-bak //备份一下配置文件
[root@master keepalived]# dnf -y install vim
[root@master keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf //编辑一个新配置文件
[root@master keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb01
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { //这里主备节点需要一致
state BACKUP
interface ens33 //网卡
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100 //这里比备节点的高
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass tushanbu //密码(可以随机生成)
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.222.133 //高可用虚拟IP（VIP）地址
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.222.133 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.222.138 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.222.139 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@master keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf keepalived.conf-bak
[root@master keepalived]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.
[root@master keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f6:83:57 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.138/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.222.133/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef6:8357/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
//此时备节点的keepalived还没有启动
[root@master keepalived]# scp keepalived.conf 192.168.222.139:/etc/keepalived
The authenticity of host '192.168.222.139 (192.168.222.139)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:anVVbTlEIzA1E8rB7IbLzaf7t9oQjB0qFP6Dd/ijnJI.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.222.139' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.222.139's password:
keepalived.conf 100% 875 905.2KB/s 00:00
//将创建的这个配置文件传到备节点上去，因为主,备节点的这个配置文件基本上都是一样的只需要改一点点
配置备keepalived
[root@backup html]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@backup keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf
[root@backup keepalived]# mv keepalived.conf{,-bak}
[root@backup keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf-bak //备份一下配置文件
[root@backup keepalived]# dnf -y install vim
[root@backup keepalived]# ls //接收到主节点传过来的配置文件
keepalived.conf keepalived.conf-bak
[root@backup keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf //进行修改一下
[root@backup keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb02
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { //这里主备节点需要一致
state BACKUP
interface ens33 //网卡
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90 //这里比主节点的小
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass tushanbu //密码(可以随机生成)
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.222.133 //高可用虚拟IP（VIP）地址
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.222.133 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.222.138 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.222.139 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@backup keepalived]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.
查看VIP在哪里
在MASTER上查看
[root@master keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f6:83:57 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.138/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.222.133/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef6:8357/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
//主节点上面有vip
在BACKUP上查看
[root@backup keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:31:af:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.139/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe31:aff9/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//备节点上面没有vip
测试
停掉master的keepalived服务，开启backup的niginx和keepalived服务然后查看主权情况
master
[root@master keepalived]# systemctl stop keepalived.service
backup:
[root@backup keepalived]# systemctl start nginx.service
[root@backup keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived.service
[root@backup keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:31:af:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.139/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.222.133/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe31:aff9/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//此时可以看见backup是主
然后再开启master的keepalived服务再查看主权情况
master
[root@master keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived.service
[root@master keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f6:83:57 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.138/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.222.133/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef6:8357/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
backup
[root@backup keepalived]# systemctl stop nginx.service
//此时测试的时候backup上面的nginx是要进行关闭的
[root@backup keepalived]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@backup keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:31:af:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.139/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe31:aff9/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//此时可以看见master还是主
让keepalived监控nginx负载均衡机
keepalived通过脚本来监控nginx负载均衡机的状态
在master上编写脚本
[root@master keepalived]# cd
[root@master ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@master scripts]# vim check_nginx.sh
[root@master scripts]# cat check_nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl stop keepalived
fi
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x check_nginx.sh
[root@master scripts]# ll
total 4
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 142 Oct 8 23:21 check_nginx.sh
[root@master scripts]# vim notify.sh
[root@master scripts]# cat notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
case "$1" in
master)
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl start nginx
fi
;;
backup)
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then
systemctl stop nginx
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
;;
esac
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh
[root@master scripts]# ll
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 142 Oct 8 23:21 check_nginx.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 383 Oct 8 23:31 notify.sh
[root@master scripts]# scp check_nginx.sh 192.168.222.139:/scripts/
root@192.168.222.139's password:
check_nginx.sh 100% 142 113.6KB/s 00:00
[root@master scripts]# scp notify.sh 192.168.222.139:/scripts/
root@192.168.222.139's password:
notify.sh 100% 383 244.7KB/s 00:00
//将这个脚本传给备节点上提前创建好的目录里面
在backup上编写脚本
[root@backup keepalived]# cd
[root@backup ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@backup ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@backup scripts]# ll
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 142 Oct 8 23:39 check_nginx.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 383 Oct 8 23:36 notify.sh
配置keepalived加入监控脚本的配置
配置主keepalived
[root@master scripts]# cd
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb01
}
vrrp_script nginx_check { //添加这一部分
script "/scripts/check_nginx.sh"
interval 5
weight -20
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass tushanbu
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.222.133
}
track_script { //添加这一部分
nginx_check
}
notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.222.133"
notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.222.133"
}
virtual_server 192.168.222.133 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.222.138 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.222.139 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart nginx.service
配置备keepalived
backup无需检测nginx是否正常，当升级为MASTER时启动nginx，当降级为BACKUP时关闭
[root@backup scripts]# cd
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@backup ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb02
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass tushanbu
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.222.133
}
notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.222.133" //添加
notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.222.133" //添加
}
virtual_server 192.168.222.133 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.222.138 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.222.139 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@backup ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service
[root@backup ~]# systemctl restart nginx.service
测试
正常状态运行查看状态
master:
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f6:83:57 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.138/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.222.133/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef6:8357/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.222.133
master
backup:
[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:31:af:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.139/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe31:aff9/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
停止nginx
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop nginx.service
[root@master ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
master上停止nginx后的状态
master：
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f6:83:57 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.138/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef6:8357/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
backup:
[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:31:af:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.139/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.222.133/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe31:aff9/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.222.133
backup
脑裂
在高可用（HA）系统中，当联系2个节点的“心跳线”断开时，本来为一整体、动作协调的HA系统，就分裂成为2个独立的个体。由于相互失去了联系，都以为是对方出了故障。两个节点上的HA软件像“裂脑人”一样，争抢“共享资源”、争起“应用服务”，就会发生严重后果——或者共享资源被瓜分、2边“服务”都起不来了；或者2边“服务”都起来了，但同时读写“共享存储”，导致数据损坏（常见如数据库轮询着的联机日志出错）。
对付HA系统“裂脑”的对策，目前达成共识的的大概有以下几条：
添加冗余的心跳线，例如：双线条线（心跳线也HA），尽量减少“裂脑”发生几率；
启用磁盘锁。正在服务一方锁住共享磁盘，“裂脑”发生时，让对方完全“抢不走”共享磁盘资源。但使用锁磁盘也会有一个不小的问题，如果占用共享盘的一方不主动“解锁”，另一方就永远得不到共享磁盘。现实中假如服务节点突然死机或崩溃，就不可能执行解锁命令。后备节点也就接管不了共享资源和应用服务。于是有人在HA中设计了“智能”锁。即：正在服务的一方只在发现心跳线全部断开（察觉不到对端）时才启用磁盘锁。平时就不上锁了。
设置仲裁机制。例如设置参考IP（如网关IP），当心跳线完全断开时，2个节点都各自ping一下参考IP，不通则表明断点就出在本端。不仅“心跳”、还兼对外“服务”的本端网络链路断了，即使启动（或继续）应用服务也没有用了，那就主动放弃竞争，让能够ping通参考IP的一端去起服务。更保险一些，ping不通参考IP的一方干脆就自我重启，以彻底释放有可能还占用着的那些共享资源
脑裂产生的原因
一般来说，脑裂的发生，有以下几种原因：
高可用服务器对之间心跳线链路发生故障，导致无法正常通信
因心跳线坏了（包括断了，老化）
因网卡及相关驱动坏了，ip配置及冲突问题（网卡直连）
因心跳线间连接的设备故障（网卡及交换机）
因仲裁的机器出问题（采用仲裁的方案）高可用服务器上开启了 iptables防火墙阻挡了心跳消息传输
高可用服务器上心跳网卡地址等信息配置不正确，导致发送心跳失败
其他服务配置不当等原因，如心跳方式不同，心跳广插冲突、软件Bug等
注意：
Keepalived配置里同一 VRRP实例如果 virtual_router_id两端参数配置不一致也会导致裂脑问题发生。
脑裂的常见解决方案
在实际生产环境中，我们可以从以下几个方面来防止裂脑问题的发生：
同时使用串行电缆和以太网电缆连接，同时用两条心跳线路，这样一条线路坏了，另一个还是好的，依然能传送心跳消息
当检测到裂脑时强行关闭一个心跳节点（这个功能需特殊设备支持，如Stonith、feyce）。相当于备节点接收不到心跳消患，通过单独的线路发送关机命令关闭主节点的电源
做好对裂脑的监控报警（如邮件及手机短信等或值班）.在问题发生时人为第一时间介入仲裁，降低损失。例如，百度的监控报警短信就有上行和下行的区别。报警消息发送到管理员手机上，管理员可以通过手机回复对应数字或简单的字符串操作返回给服务器.让服务器根据指令自动处理相应故障，这样解决故障的时间更短.
当然，在实施高可用方案时，要根据业务实际需求确定是否能容忍这样的损失。对于一般的网站常规业务.这个损失是可容忍的
对脑裂进行监控
对脑裂的监控应在备用服务器上进行，通过添加zabbix自定义监控进行。
监控什么信息呢？监控备上有无VIP地址
备机上出现VIP有两种情况：
发生了脑裂
正常的主备切换
监控只是监控发生脑裂的可能性，不能保证一定是发生了脑裂，因为正常的主备切换VIP也是会到备上的。
监控脚本如下：
[root@backup ~]# mkdir -p /scripts && cd /scripts
[root@backup scripts]# vim check_keepalived.sh
#!/bin/bash
if [ `ip a show ens33 |grep 192.168.222.133|wc -l` -ne 0 ]
then
echo "keepalived is error!"
else
echo "keepalived is OK !"
fi
编写脚本时要注意，网卡要改成你自己的网卡名称，VIP也要改成你自己的VIP，最后不要忘了给脚本赋予执行权限，且要修改/scripts目录的属主属组为zabbix
环境
| master | keepalived，nginx | 192.168.222.138 |
| backup | keepalived，nginx，zabbix客户端 | 192.168.222.139 |
| zabbix | zabbix服务端 | 192.168.222.250 |
VIP:192.168.222.133
zabbix的安装部署以及一些操作可以看我的博客监控服务zabbix部署,zabbix的基础使用,
zabbix监控详解里面有zabbix安装的详细操作
在backup主机安装zabbix的客户端，在192.168.222.250主机安装zabbix服务端用于使用web网页管理监控
监控出现异常的两种状态：
正常情况下master主机nginx和keepalived为启动状态，backup主机keepalived为开启，nginx为关闭
当master主机发生异常时backup主机通过脚本抢夺vip
当出现脑裂时主备的两台主机都会有vip，虚拟IP
编写监控脚本
在backup主机或者zabbix客户端编写脚本
[root@backup ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@backup scripts]# ls
check_nginx.sh notify.sh
[root@backup scripts]# vim check_keepalived.sh
[root@backup scripts]# cat check_keepalived.sh
#!/bin/bash
if [ `ip a show ens33 |grep 192.168.222.133|wc -l` -ne 0 ]
then
echo "1" //有问题
else
echo "0" //没问题
fi
[root@backup scripts]# chmod +x check_keepalived.sh
[root@backup scripts]# ls
check_keepalived.sh check_nginx.sh notify.sh
[root@backup scripts]# chown -R zabbix.zabbix /scripts/
[root@backup scripts]# ll
total 12
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zabbix zabbix 148 Oct 9 21:05 check_keepalived.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zabbix zabbix 142 Oct 8 23:39 check_nginx.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zabbix zabbix 383 Oct 8 23:36 notify.sh
[root@backup scripts]# systemctl stop nginx.service
[root@backup scripts]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@backup scripts]# ./check_keepalived.sh
0
//测试脚本
//正常情况下master主机nginx和keepalived为启动状态，backup主机keepalived为开启，nginx为关闭
[root@backup scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:31:af:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.139/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe31:aff9/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
修改backup的zabbix配置文件
[root@backup scripts]# cd
[root@backup ~]# cd /usr/local/etc/
[root@backup etc]# pwd
/usr/local/etc
[root@backup etc]# vim zabbix_agentd.conf
UserParameter=check_keepalived,/bin/bash /scripts/check_keepalived.sh //修改
UnsafeUserParameters=1 //修改
[root@backup ~]# pkill zabbix_agentd
[root@backup ~]# zabbix_agentd
//重启zabbix
zabbix服务端测试
[root@zabbix ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10051 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 70 *:33060 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:*
[root@zabbix ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.222.139 -k check_keepalived
0
查看master状态
[root@master ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f6:83:57 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.138/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.222.133/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef6:8357/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
创建监控主机
添加监控项
查看数据
添加触发器
测试
在master上面停止nginx开启keepalived，backup上面开启nginx，keepalived
模拟故障转移
master
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop nginx.service
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service
backeup
[root@backup ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@backup ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service
查看状态
master:
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f6:83:57 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.138/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef6:8357/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
backup:
[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:31:af:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.139/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.222.133/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe31:aff9/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
查看告警触发
重新启动master上面的nginx，keepalived
root@master ~]# systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f6:83:57 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.138/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.222.133/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef6:8357/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
//此时没有报警信息
模拟脑裂
更改master主机keepalived配置文件，将virtual_router_id进行更改，与backup里面不一样就可以
master
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
virtual_router_id 55 //我这里是将51改为了55
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service
//重启keepalived
[root@master ~]# ip a //发现VIP还在
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f6:83:57 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.138/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.222.133/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef6:8357/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:db:51:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@master ~]# ss -antl //nginx也在
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
backup
[root@backup ~]# ip a //发现也有VIP
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:31:af:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.222.139/24 brd 192.168.222.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.222.133/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe31:aff9/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@backup ~]# ss -antl //nginx也在
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:*
出现了报警信息
链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/tushanbu/p/16770767.html
（版权归原作者所有，侵删）
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