【Python基础】python使用openpyxl操作excel-技术圈

1、openpyxl库介绍

openpyxl最好用的python操作excel表格库，不接受反驳；
openpyxl官网链接：openpyxl官网
openpyxl只支持【.xlsx / .xlsm / .xltx / .xltm】格式的文件；

2、python怎么打开及读取表格内容？

1）Excel表格述语

这里需要大家仔细查看图中的每一项内容，知道什么是“行(row)、列(column)”？什么是“格子(cell)”？什么是“sheet表”？

2）打开Excel表格并获取表格名称

from openpyxl import load_workbookworkbook = load_workbook(filename = "test.xlsx")workbook.sheetnames

结果如下：

3）通过sheet名称获取表格

from openpyxl import load_workbookworkbook = load_workbook(filename = "test.xlsx")workbook.sheetnamessheet = workbook["Sheet1"]print(sheet)

结果如下：

4）获取表格的尺寸大小

这里所说的尺寸大小，指的是excel表格中的数据有几行几列，针对的是不同的sheet而言。

sheet.dimensions

结果如下：

5）获取表格内某个格子的数据

① sheet["A1"]方式

workbook = load_workbook(filename = "test.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint(sheet)cell1 = sheet["A1"]cell2 = sheet["C11"]print(cell1.value, cell2.value)
"""workbook.active 打开激活的表格；sheet["A1"] 获取A1格子的数据；cell.value 获取格子中的值；"""

结果如下：

② sheet.cell(row=, column=)方式

这种方式更简单，大家可以对比这两种方式；

workbook = load_workbook(filename = "test.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint(sheet)cell1 = sheet.cell(row = 1,column = 1)cell2 = sheet.cell(row = 11,column = 3)print(cell1.value, cell2.value)

结果如下：

6）获取某个格子的行数、列数、坐标

workbook = load_workbook(filename = "test.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint(sheet)cell1 = sheet["A1"]cell2 = sheet["C11"]print(cell1.value, cell1.row, cell1.column, cell1.coordinate)print(cell2.value, cell2.row, cell2.column, cell2.coordinate)""".row 获取某个格子的行数；.columns 获取某个格子的列数；.corordinate 获取某个格子的坐标；"""

结果如下：

7）获取一系列格子

① sheet[]方式

workbook = load_workbook(filename = "test.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint(sheet)# 获取A1:C2区域的值cell = sheet["A1:C2"]print(cell)for i in cell:    for j in i:        print(j.value)

结果如下：特别的：如果我们只想获取“A列”，或者获取“A-C列”，可以采取如下方式：

sheet["A"]    --- 获取A列的数据sheet["A:C"]    --- 获取A,B,C三列的数据sheet[5]   --- 只获取第5行的数据

② .iter_rows()方式

当然有.iter_rows()方式，肯定也会有.iter_cols()方式，只不过一个是按行读取，一个是按列读取。

workbook = load_workbook(filename = "test.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint(sheet)# 按行获取值for i in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=2, max_row=5, min_col=1, max_col=2):    for j in i:        print(j.value)# 按列获取值for i in sheet.iter_cols(min_row=2, max_row=5, min_col=1, max_col=2):    for j in i:        print(j.value)

结果如下：

③ sheet.rows()

帮助我们获取所有行

workbook = load_workbook(filename = "test.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint(sheet)for i in sheet.rows:        print(i)

结果如下：

3、python如何向excel中写入某些内容？

1）修改表格中的内容

① 向某个格子中写入内容并保存

workbook = load_workbook(filename = "test.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint(sheet)sheet["A1"] = "哈喽" # 这句代码也可以改为cell = sheet["A1"] cell.value = "哈喽"workbook.save(filename = "哈喽.xlsx")"""注意：我们将“A1”单元格的数据改为了“哈喽”，并另存为了“哈喽.xlsx”文件。如果我们保存的时候，不修改表名，相当于直接修改源文件；"""

结果如下：

② .append()：向表格中插入行数据

.append()方式：会在表格已有的数据后面，增添这些数(按行插入)；
这个操作很有用，爬虫得到的数据，可以使用该方式保存成Excel文件；

workbook = load_workbook(filename = "test.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint(sheet)data = [    ["唐僧","男","180cm"],    ["孙悟空","男","188cm"],    ["猪八戒","男","175cm"],    ["沙僧","男","176cm"],]for row in data:    sheet.append(row)workbook.save(filename = "test.xlsx")

结果如下：

③ 在python中使用excel函数公式(很有用)

# 这是我们在excel中输入的公式=IF(RIGHT(C2,2)="cm",C2,SUBSTITUTE(C2,"m","")*100&"cm")# 那么，在python中怎么插入excel公式呢？workbook = load_workbook(filename = "test.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint(sheet)sheet["D1"] = "标准身高"for i in range(2,16):    sheet["D{}".format(i)] = '=IF(RIGHT(C{},2)="cm",C{},SUBSTITUTE(C{},"m","")*100&"cm")'.format(i,i,i)workbook.save(filename = "test.xlsx")

结果如下：此时，你肯定会好奇，python究竟支持写哪些“excel函数公式”呢？我们可以使用如下操作查看一下。

import openpyxlfrom openpyxl.utils import FORMULAEprint(FORMULAE)

结果如下：

④ .insert_cols()和.insert_rows()：插入空行和空列

.insert_cols(idx=数字编号, amount=要插入的列数)，插入的位置是在idx列数的左侧插入；
.insert_rows(idx=数字编号, amount=要插入的行数)，插入的行数是在idx行数的下方插入；

workbook = load_workbook(filename = "test.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint(sheet)sheet.insert_cols(idx=4,amount=2)sheet.insert_rows(idx=5,amount=4)workbook.save(filename = "test.xlsx")

结果如下：

⑤ .delete_rows()和.delete_cols()：删除行和列

.delete_rows(idx=数字编号, amount=要删除的行数)
.delete_cols(idx=数字编号, amount=要删除的列数)

workbook = load_workbook(filename = "test.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint(sheet)# 删除第一列，第一行sheet.delete_cols(idx=1)sheet.delete_rows(idx=1)workbook.save(filename = "test.xlsx")

结果如下：

⑥ .move_range()：移动格子

.move_range("数据区域",rows=,cols=)：正整数为向下或向右、负整数为向左或向上；

# 向左移动两列，向下移动两行sheet.move_range("C1:D4",rows=2,cols=-1)

演示效果如下：

⑦ .create_sheet()：创建新的sheet表格

.create_sheet("新的sheet名")：创建一个新的sheet表；

workbook = load_workbook(filename = "test.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint(sheet)workbook.create_sheet("我是一个新的sheet")print(workbook.sheetnames)workbook.save(filename = "test.xlsx")

结果如下：

⑧ .remove()：删除某个sheet表

.remove("sheet名")：删除某个sheet表；

workbook = load_workbook(filename = "test.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint(workbook.sheetnames)# 这个相当于激活的这个sheet表，激活状态下，才可以操作；sheet = workbook['我是一个新的sheet']  print(sheet)workbook.remove(sheet)print(workbook.sheetnames)workbook.save(filename = "test.xlsx")

结果如下：

⑨ .copy_worksheet()：复制一个sheet表到另外一张excel表

这个操作的实质，就是复制某个excel表中的sheet表，然后将文件存储到另外一张excel表中；

workbook = load_workbook(filename = "a.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint("a.xlsx中有这几个sheet表",workbook.sheetnames)sheet = workbook['姓名']  workbook.copy_worksheet(sheet)workbook.save(filename = "test.xlsx")

结果如下：

⑩ sheet.title：修改sheet表的名称

.title = "新的sheet表名"

workbook = load_workbook(filename = "a.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint(sheet)sheet.title = "我是修改后的sheet名"print(sheet)

结果如下：

⑪ 创建新的excel表格文件

from openpyxl import Workbook
workbook = Workbook()sheet = workbook.activesheet.title = "表格1"workbook.save(filename = "新建的excel表格")

结果如下：

⑫ sheet.freeze_panes：冻结窗口

.freeze_panes = "单元格"

workbook = load_workbook(filename = "花园.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint(sheet)sheet.freeze_panes = "C3"workbook.save(filename = "花园.xlsx")"""冻结窗口以后，你可以打开源文件，进行检验；"""

结果如下：

⑬ sheet.auto_filter.ref：给表格添加“筛选器”

.auto_filter.ref = sheet.dimension 给所有字段添加筛选器；
.auto_filter.ref = "A1" 给A1这个格子添加“筛选器”，就是给第一列添加“筛选器”；

workbook = load_workbook(filename = "花园.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activeprint(sheet)sheet.auto_filter.ref = sheet["A1"]workbook.save(filename = "花园.xlsx")

结果如下：

4、批量调整字体和样式

1）修改字体样式

Font(name=字体名称,size=字体大小,bold=是否加粗,italic=是否斜体,color=字体颜色)

from openpyxl.styles import Fontfrom openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="花园.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activecell = sheet["A1"]font = Font(name="微软雅黑",size=20,bold=True,italic=True,color="FF0000")cell.font = fontworkbook.save(filename = "花园.xlsx")"""这个color是RGB的16进制表示，自己下去百度学习；"""

结果如下：

2）获取表格中格子的字体样式

from openpyxl.styles import Fontfrom openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="花园.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activecell = sheet["A2"]font = cell.fontprint(font.name, font.size, font.bold, font.italic, font.color)

结果如下：

3）设置对齐样式

Alignment(horizontal=水平对齐模式,vertical=垂直对齐模式,text_rotation=旋转角度,wrap_text=是否自动换行)
水平对齐：‘distributed'，‘justify'，‘center'，‘leftfill'， ‘centerContinuous'，‘right，‘general'；
垂直对齐：‘bottom'，‘distributed'，‘justify'，‘center'，‘top'；

from openpyxl.styles import Alignmentfrom openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="花园.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activecell = sheet["A1"]alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center",vertical="center",text_rotation=45,wrap_text=True)cell.alignment = alignmentworkbook.save(filename = "花园.xlsx")

结果如下：

4）设置边框样式

Side(style=边线样式，color=边线颜色)
Border(left=左边线样式，right=右边线样式，top=上边线样式，bottom=下边线样式)
style参数的种类：'double, 'mediumDashDotDot', 'slantDashDot','dashDotDot','dotted','hair', 'mediumDashed, 'dashed', 'dashDot', 'thin','mediumDashDot','medium', 'thick'from openpyxl.styles import Side,Borderfrom

openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="花园.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activecell = sheet["D6"]side1 = Side(style="thin",color="FF0000")side2 = Side(style="thick",color="FFFF0000")border = Border(left=side1,right=side1,top=side2,bottom=side2)cell.border = borderworkbook.save(filename = "花园.xlsx")

结果如下：

5）设置填充样式

PatternFill(fill_type=填充样式，fgColor=填充颜色）
GradientFill(stop=(渐变颜色1，渐变颜色2……))

from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill,GradientFillfrom openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="花园.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activecell_b9 = sheet["B9"]pattern_fill = PatternFill(fill_type="solid",fgColor="99ccff")cell_b9.fill = pattern_fillcell_b10 = sheet["B10"]gradient_fill = GradientFill(stop=("FFFFFF","99ccff","000000"))cell_b10.fill = gradient_fillworkbook.save(filename = "花园.xlsx")

结果如下：

6）设置行高和列宽

.row_dimensions[行编号].height = 行高
.column_dimensions[列编号].width = 列宽

workbook = load_workbook(filename="花园.xlsx")sheet = workbook.active# 设置第1行的高度sheet.row_dimensions[1].height = 50# 设置B列的宽度sheet.column_dimensions["B"].width = 20workbook.save(filename = "花园.xlsx")"""sheet.row_dimensions.height = 50sheet.column_dimensions.width = 30这两句代码，是将整个表的行高设置为50，列宽设置为30；"""

结果如下：

7）合并单元格

.merge_cells(待合并的格子编号)
.merge_cells(start_row=起始行号，start_column=起始列号，end_row=结束行号，end_column=结束列号)

workbook = load_workbook(filename="花园.xlsx")sheet = workbook.activesheet.merge_cells("C1:D2")sheet.merge_cells(start_row=7,start_column=1,end_row=8,end_column=3)workbook.save(filename = "花园.xlsx")

结果如下：当然，也有“取消合并单元格”，用法一致。

.unmerge_cells(待合并的格子编号)
.unmerge_cells(start_row=起始行号，start_column=起始列号，end_row=结束行号，end_column=结束列号)

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