【Python基础】python使用python-docx操作word
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2021-02-17 11:39
1、python-docx库介绍
该模块儿可以创建、修改Word(.docx)文件; 此模块儿不属于python标准库,需要单独安装; python-docx使用官网:python-docx官网 我们在安装此模块儿使用的是pip install python-docx,但是在导入的时候是import docx;
2、Python读取Word文档内容
注意:每进行一个操作,必须保存一下,否则等于白做;
1)word文档结构介绍
2)python-docx提取文字和文字块儿
① python-docx提取文字
有一个这样的docx文件,我们想要提取其中的文字,应该怎么做?代码如下:
from docx import Document
doc = Document(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\test1.docx")
print(doc.paragraphs)
for paragraph in doc.paragraphs:
print(paragraph.text)
结果如下:
② python-docx提取文字块儿
from docx import Document
doc = Document(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\test1.docx")
print(doc.paragraphs)
paragraph = doc.paragraphs[0]
runs = paragraph.runs
print(runs)
for run in paragraph.runs:
print(run.text)
------------------------------
paragraph = doc.paragraphs[1]
runs = paragraph.runs
print(runs)
for run in paragraph.runs:
print(run.text)
结果如下:
3)利用Python向Word文档写入内容
① 添加段落
from docx import Document
doc = Document(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\test1.docx")
# print(doc.add_heading("一级标题", level=1)) 添加一级标题的时候出错,还没有解决!
paragraph1 = doc.add_paragraph("这是一个段落")
paragraph2 = doc.add_paragraph("这是第二个段落")
doc.save(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\test1.docx")
"""
添加段落的时候,赋值给一个变量,方便我们后面进行格式调整;
"""
结果如下:
② 添加文字块儿
from docx import Document
doc = Document(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\test1.docx")
# 这里相当于输入了一个空格,后面等待着文字输入
paragraph3 = doc.add_paragraph()
paragraph3.add_run("我被加粗了文字块儿").bold = True
paragraph3.add_run(",我是普通文字块儿,")
paragraph3.add_run("我是斜体文字块儿").italic = True
doc.save(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\test1.docx")
结果如下:
③ 添加一个分页
from docx import Document
doc = Document(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\test1.docx")
doc.add_page_break()
doc.save(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\test1.docx")
结果如下:
④ 添加图片
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Cm
doc = Document(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\test1.docx")
doc.add_picture(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\sun_wu_kong.png",width=Cm(5),height=Cm(5))
doc.save(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\test1.docx")
"""
Cm模块,用于设定图片尺寸大小
"""
结果如下:
⑤ 添加表格
from docx import Document
doc = Document(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\test1.docx")
list1 = [
["姓名","性别","家庭地址"],
["唐僧","男","湖北省"],
["孙悟空","男","北京市"],
["猪八戒","男","广东省"],
["沙和尚","男","湖南省"]
]
list2 = [
["姓名","性别","家庭地址"],
["貂蝉","女","河北省"],
["杨贵妃","女","贵州省"],
["西施","女","山东省"]
]
table1 = doc.add_table(rows=5,cols=3)
for row in range(5):
cells = table1.rows[row].cells
for col in range(3):
cells[col].text = str(list1[row][col])
doc.add_paragraph("-----------------------------------------------------------")
table2 = doc.add_table(rows=4,cols=3)
for row in range(4):
cells = table2.rows[row].cells
for col in range(3):
cells[col].text = str(list2[row][col])
doc.save(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\test1.docx")
结果如下:
⑥ 提取word表格,并保存在excel中(很重要)
from docx import Document
from openpyxl import Workbook
doc = Document(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\test2.docx")
t0 = doc.tables[0]
workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active
for i in range(len(t0.rows)):
list1 = []
for j in range(len(t0.columns)):
list1.append(t0.cell(i,j).text)
sheet.append(list1)
workbook.save(filename = r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\来自word中的表.xlsx")
结果如下:
3、利用Python调整Word文档样式
1)修改文字字体样式
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt,RGBColor
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
doc = Document(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\test2.docx")
for paragraph in doc.paragraphs:
for run in paragraph.runs:
run.font.bold = True
run.font.italic = True
run.font.underline = True
run.font.strike = True
run.font.shadow = True
run.font.size = Pt(18)
run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(255,255,0)
run.font.name = "宋体"
# 设置像宋体这样的中文字体,必须添加下面2行代码
r = run._element.rPr.rFonts
r.set(qn("w:eastAsia"),"宋体")
doc.save(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\_test1.docx")
结果如下:
2)修改段落样式
① 对齐样式
from docx import Document
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH
doc = Document(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\test1.docx")
print(doc.paragraphs[0].text)
doc.paragraphs[0].alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
# 这里设置的是居中对齐
doc.save(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\对齐样式.docx")
"""
LEFT,CENTER,RIGHT,JUSTIFY,DISTRIBUTE,JUSTIFY_MED,JUSTIFY_HI,JUSTIFY_LOW,THAI_JUSTIFY
"""
结果如下:
② 行间距调整
from docx import Document
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH
doc = Document(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\test1.docx")
for paragraph in doc.paragraphs:
paragraph.paragraph_format.line_spacing = 5.0
doc.save(r"G:\6Tipdm\7python办公自动化\concat_word\行间距.docx")
结果如下:
③ 段前与段后间距
这里提供代码,自行下去检验
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