SpringCloud微服务框架Hystrix服务熔断
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2021-04-07 10:48
Springcloud框架的Hystrix负载均衡
相关概念
Hystrix是一个用于处理分布式系统的延迟和容错的开源库,在分布式系统里,许多依赖不可避免的会调用失败,比如超时、异常等,Hystrix能够保证在一个依赖出问题的情况下,不会导致整体服务失败,避免级联故障,以提高分布式系统的弹性。“断路器”本身是一种开关装置,当某个服务单元发生故障之后,通过断路器的故障监控(类似熔断保险丝),向调用方返回一个符合预期的、可处理的备选响应(FallBack),而不是长时间的等待或者抛出调用方无法处理的异常,这样就保证了服务调用方的线程不会被长时间、不必要地占用,从而避免了故障在分布式系统中的蔓延,乃至雪崩。
Hystrix 解决了什么问题
服务降级,服务熔断,服务限流,接近实时的监控
服务熔断
概念
服务熔断 熔断机制是应对雪崩效应的一种微服务链路保护机制。当扇出链路的某个微服务不可用或者响应时间太长时,会进行服务的降级,进而熔断该节点微服务的调用,快速返回"错误"的响应信息。当检测到该节点微服务调用响应正常后恢复调用链路。在SpringCloud框架里熔断机制通过Hystrix实现。Hystrix会监控微服务间调用的状况,当失败的调用到一定阈值,缺省是5秒内20次调用失败就会启动熔断机制。熔断机制的注解是@HystrixCommand。
新建microservicecloud-provider-dept-hystrix-8001
添加相关的pom依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.yang</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hystrix -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 将微服务provider侧注册进eureka -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- actuator监控信息完善 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
创建application.yml
server:
port: 8001
mybatis:
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml # mybatis配置文件所在路径
type-aliases-package: com.yang.entity # 所有Entity别名类所在包
mapper-locations:
- classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml # mapper映射文件
spring:
application:
name: microservicecloud-dept
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource # 当前数据源操作类型
driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver # mysql驱动包
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB01 # 数据库名称
username: root
password: root
dbcp2:
min-idle: 5 # 数据库连接池的最小维持连接数
initial-size: 5 # 初始化连接数
max-total: 5 # 最大连接数
max-wait-millis: 200 # 等待连接获取的最大超时时间
eureka:
client: #客户端注册进eureka服务列表内
service-url:
# defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
instance:
instance-id: microservicecloud-dept8001-hystrix #自定义服务名称信息
prefer-ip-address: true #访问路径可以显示IP地址
info:
app.name: atguigu-microservicecloud
company.name: www.atguigu.com
build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$
build.version: $project.version$
创建mybatis.cfg.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true" /><!-- 二级缓存开启 -->
</settings>
</configuration>
创建mapper配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.yang.dao.DeptDao">
<select id="findById" resultType="com.yang.entity.Dept" parameterType="Long">
select deptno,dname,db_source from dept where deptno=#{deptno};
</select>
<select id="findAll" resultType="com.yang.entity.Dept">
select deptno,dname,db_source from dept;
</select>
<insert id="addDept" parameterType="com.yang.entity.Dept">
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES(#{dname},DATABASE());
</insert>
</mapper>
创建控制类controlelr
package com.yang.controler;
import com.yang.entity.Dept;
import com.yang.service.DeptService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
@RestController
public class DeptController
{
@Autowired
private DeptService service = null;
@RequestMapping(value="/dept/get/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "processHystrix_Get")
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
{
Dept dept = this.service.get(id);
if(null == dept)
{
throw new RuntimeException("该ID:"+id+"没有没有对应的信息");
}
return dept;
}
public Dept processHystrix_Get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
{
return new Dept().setDeptno(id)
.setDname("该ID:"+id+"没有没有对应的信息,null--@HystrixCommand")
.setDb_source("no this database in MySQL");
}
}
创建dao层
package com.yang.dao;
import com.yang.entity.Dept;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import java.util.List;
@Mapper
public interface DeptDao {
public boolean addDept(Dept dept);
public Dept findById(Long id);
public List<Dept> findAll();
}
创建service实现类
package com.yang.service.impl;
import com.yang.dao.DeptDao;
import com.yang.entity.Dept;
import com.yang.service.DeptService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService {
@Autowired
private DeptDao dao ;
@Override
public boolean add(Dept dept)
{
return dao.addDept(dept);
}
@Override
public Dept get(Long id)
{
return dao.findById(id);
}
@Override
public List<Dept> list()
{
return dao.findAll();
}
}
创建启动类
package com.yang;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient //本服务启动后会自动注册进eureka服务中
@EnableCircuitBreaker//对hystrixR熔断机制的支持
public class DeptProvider8001_Hystrix_App
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider8001_Hystrix_App.class, args);
}
}
完
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