10个 Linux 命令，让你的操作更有效率
日期 ： 2021年01月189日
正文共 ：2465字
Linux是最适合开发的操作系统。它是把所有的操作权都交给了用户，有什么操作，就会呈现出什么样的格局。开放、自由、诚实，就是它最大的魅力。
而且越来越多的企业开始选择Linux作为服务器，所以对于我们正在学习的小伙伴来说，了解Linux是极为重要的一章课题。
今天帮大家收集了10个Linux的命令，希望小伙伴们能够本文中更深刻地理解 Linux 的相关特性：
01 pgrep
$ pgrep -u hchen2244122444
ps -ef | egrep '^hchen' | awk '{print $2}'
02 pstree
[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]$ pstree
init-+-acpid
|-auditd-+-python
| `-{auditd}
|-automount---4*[{automount}]
|-backup.sh---sleep
|-dbus-daemon
|-events/0
|-events/1
|-hald---hald-runner---hald-addon-acpi
|-httpd---10*[httpd]
|-irqbalance
|-khelper
|-klogd
|-ksoftirqd/0
|-ksoftirqd/1
|-kthread-+-aio/0
| |-aio/1
| |-ata/0
| |-ata/1
| |-ata_aux
| |-cqueue/0
| |-cqueue/1
| |-kacpid
| |-kauditd
| |-kblockd/0
| |-kblockd/1
| |-kedac
| |-khubd
| |-6*[kjournald]
| |-kmirrord
| |-kpsmoused
| |-kseriod
| |-kswapd0
| |-2*[pdflush]
| |-scsi_eh_0
| |-scsi_eh_1
| |-xenbus
| `-xenwatch
|-migration/0
|-migration/1
|-6*[mingetty]
|-3*[multilog]
|-mysqld_safe---mysqld---9*[{mysqld}]
|-smartd
|-sshd---sshd---sshd---bash---pstree
|-svscanboot---svscan-+-3*[supervise---run]
| |-supervise---qmail-send-+-qmail-clean
| | |-qmail-lspawn
| | `-qmail-rspawn
| `-2*[supervise---tcpserver]
|-syslogd
|-udevd
|-watchdog/0
|-watchdog/1
-xinetd
03 bc
if [ $# -ne 1 ]thenecho 'Usage: sqrt number'exit 1elseecho -e "sqrt($1)\nquit\n" | bc -q -ifi
[hchen@RHELSVR5]$ ./sqrt 366[hchen@RHELSVR5]$ ./sqrt 2.00001.4142[hchen@RHELSVR5]$ ./sqrt 10.00003.1622
04 split
[hchen@RHELSVR5 applebak]# ls -l largefile.tar.gz-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 436774774 04-17 02:00 largefile.tar.gz[hchen@RHELSVR5 applebak]# split -b 50m largefile.tar.gz LF_[hchen@RHELSVR5]# ls -l LF_*-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_aa-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ab-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ac-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ad-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ae-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:35 LF_af-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:35 LF_ag-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:35 LF_ah-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 17344374 05-10 18:35 LF_ai
文件合并只需要使用简单的合并就行了，如：
[hchen@RHELSVR5]# cat LF_* >largefile.tar.gz
05 nl
nl命令其它和cat命令很像，只不过它会打上行号。如下所示：[]1 /* Define ISO C stdio on top of C++ iostreams.2 Copyright (C) 1991,1994-2004,2005,2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.3 This file is part of the GNU C Library.4 The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or5 modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public6 License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either7 version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.8 The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
06 mkfifo
[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# mkfifo /tmp/hchenpipe[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# ls -l /tmpprw-rw-r-- 1 hchen hchen 0 05-10 18:58 hchenpipe
[]
[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# head /tmp/hchenpipedrwx------ 8 hchen hchen 4096 05-10 18:27 .drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 03-05 00:06 ..drwxr-xr-x 3 hchen hchen 4096 03-01 18:13 backup-rw------- 1 hchen hchen 721 05-05 22:12 .bash_history-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 24 02-28 22:20 .bash_logout-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 176 02-28 22:20 .bash_profile-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 124 02-28 22:20 .bashrc-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14002 03-07 00:29 index.htm-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 31465 03-01 23:48 index.php
07 ldd
[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# ldd /usr/bin/javalinux-gate.so.1 => (0x00cd9000)libgij.so.7rh => /usr/lib/libgij.so.7rh (0x00ed3000)libgcj.so.7rh => /usr/lib/libgcj.so.7rh (0x00ed6000)libpthread.so.0 => /lib/i686/nosegneg/libpthread.so.0 (0x00110000)librt.so.1 => /lib/i686/nosegneg/librt.so.1 (0x009c8000)libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x008b5000)libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0x00bee000)libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00aa7000)libc.so.6 => /lib/i686/nosegneg/libc.so.6 (0x0022f000)libm.so.6 => /lib/i686/nosegneg/libm.so.6 (0x00127000)/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00214000)
08 col
PAGER=cat# man less | col -b > less.txt
09 xmlwf
[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# curl 'https://coolshell.cn/?feed=rss2' > cocre.xml% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time CurrentDload Upload Total Spent Left Speed100 64882 0 64882 0 0 86455 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 2073k[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# xmlwf cocre.xml[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# perl -i -pe 's@@
@g' cocre.xml[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# xmlwf cocre.xmlcocre.xml:13:23: mismatched tag
10 lsof
[root@RHELSVR5 ~]# lsof | grep TCPhttpd 548 apache 4u IPv6 14300967 TCP *:http (LISTEN)httpd 548 apache 6u IPv6 14300972 TCP *:https (LISTEN)httpd 561 apache 4u IPv6 14300967 TCP *:http (LISTEN)httpd 561 apache 6u IPv6 14300972 TCP *:https (LISTEN)sshd 1764 root 3u IPv6 4993 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)tcpserver 8965 root 3u IPv4 153795500 TCP *:pop3 (LISTEN)mysqld 10202 mysql 10u IPv4 73819697 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)sshd 10735 root 3u IPv6 160731956 TCP 210.51.0.232:ssh->123.117.239.68:31810 (ESTABLISHED)sshd 10767 hchen 3u IPv6 160731956 TCP 210.51.0.232:ssh->123.117.239.68:31810 (ESTABLISHED)vsftpd 11095 root 3u IPv4 152157957 TCP *:ftp (LISTEN)
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