Spring Boot集成Sharding-jdbc + Mybatis-Plus实现分库分表-技术圈

来源：https://blog.csdn.net/Macky_He/article/details/95754402 作者:Macky_He

一、 Sharding-jdbc简介

Sharding-jdbc是开源的数据库操作中间件；定位为轻量级Java框架，在Java的JDBC层提供的额外服务。它使用客户端直连数据库，以jar包形式提供服务，无需额外部署和依赖，可理解为增强版的JDBC驱动，完全兼容JDBC和各种ORM框架。

官方文档地址：https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/overview/

本文demo实现了分库分表功能。如有错误，欢迎各位在评论中指出。不胜感激！

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二、项目结构

首先创建一个一般的Spring boot项目，项目采用三层架构，结构图如下：

POM.xml文件如下：

         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    4.0.0            org.springframework.boot        spring-boot-starter-parent        2.1.6.RELEASE                 com.macky    spring-boot-shardingjdbc    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT    spring-boot-shardingjdbc    Demo project for spring-boot-shardingjdbc
            1.8    
                        org.springframework.boot            spring-boot-starter-web        
                    org.springframework.boot            spring-boot-starter-test            test                                    mysql            mysql-connector-java            runtime                                    com.baomidou            mybatis-plus-boot-starter            3.1.1                                            io.shardingsphere            sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter            3.1.0                                    io.shardingsphere            sharding-jdbc-spring-namespace            3.1.0                                            org.projectlombok            lombok            
                                        org.springframework.boot                spring-boot-maven-plugin

实体类以书本为例

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.activerecord.Model;import groovy.transform.EqualsAndHashCode;import lombok.Data;import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
/** * @author Macky * @Title class Book * @Description: 书籍是实体类 * @date 2019/7/13 15:23 */@Data@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)@Accessors(chain = true)@TableName("book")public class Book extends Model {    private int id;    private String name;    private int count;}

开放保存和查询两个接口，代码如下：

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.controller;
import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity.Book;import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.service.BookService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
/** * @author Macky * @Title class BookController * @Description: TODO * @date 2019/7/12 20:53 */@RestControllerpublic class BookController {
    @Autowired    BookService bookService;
    @RequestMapping(value = "/book", method = RequestMethod.GET)    public List getItems(){        return bookService.getBookList();    }
    @RequestMapping(value = "/book",method = RequestMethod.POST)    public Boolean saveItem(Book book){        return bookService.save(book);    }}

BookServiceImpl.java

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.service.impl;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.Wrappers;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity.Book;import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.mapper.BookMapper;import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.service.BookService;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
/** * @author Macky * @Title class BookServiceImpl * @Description: TODO * @date 2019/7/12 20:47 */@Servicepublic class BookServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl implements BookService {
    @Override    public List getBookList() {        return baseMapper.selectList(Wrappers.lambdaQuery());    }
    @Override    public boolean save(Book book) {        return super.save(book);    }}

BookMapper.java

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.mapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity.Book;
/** * @author Macky * @Title class BookMapper * @Description: TODO * @date 2019/7/12 20:46 */public interface BookMapper extends BaseMapper {}

创建数据库表，DDL语句如下

创建数据库表数据CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `db0`;USE `db0`;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_0`;CREATE TABLE `book_0` (   `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,    `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_1`;CREATE TABLE `book_1` (  `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,    `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `db1`;USE `db1`;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_0`;CREATE TABLE `book_0` ( `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,    `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_1`;CREATE TABLE `book_1` (  `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,    `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `db2`;USE `db2`;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_0`;CREATE TABLE `book_0` ( `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,    `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_1`;CREATE TABLE `book_1` (  `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,    `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

配置分库分表策略application.properties：

# 数据源 db0,db1,db2sharding.jdbc.datasource.names=db0,db1,db2# 第一个数据库sharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcesharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driversharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTCsharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.username=rootsharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.password=Aa123456
# 第二个数据库sharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcesharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driversharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTCsharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.username=rootsharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.password=Aa123456
# 第三个数据库sharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcesharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driversharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTCsharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.username=rootsharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.password=Aa123456
# 水平拆分的数据库（表） 配置分库 + 分表策略 行表达式分片策略# 分库策略sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.default-database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=idsharding.jdbc.config.sharding.default-database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=db$->{id % 3}
# 分表策略 其中book为逻辑表 分表主要取决于id行sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.book.actual-data-nodes=db$->{0..2}.book_$->{0..2}sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.book.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=count# 分片算法表达式sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.book.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=book_$->{count % 3}
# 主键 UUID 18位数 如果是分布式还要进行一个设置 防止主键重复#sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.user.key-generator-column-name=id
# 打印执行的数据库以及语句sharding.jdbc.config.props..sql.show=truespring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true
#读写分离sharding.jdbc.datasource.dsmaster =

接口测试使用postman

示例：GET请求------>http://localhost:8080/book POST请求：------->http://localhost:8080/book?id=1&name=java编程思想&count=8

demo的github地址：

https://github.com/Macky-He/spring-boot--shardingsphere-examples 如各位觉得有帮助的话，还请给个star鼓励鼓励博主，谢谢！

三、总结

分库分表实现按照官方文档做一个demo是第一步，如需深入还需要研究源码，研究架构，研究思想；此文仅作为入门demo搭建指南，如需深入理解，还请移步至官方文档。

参考资料

官方文档：https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/manual/sharding-jdbc/usage/sharding/

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