ES08# ElasticSearch中的SQL查询

瓜农老梁

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 ·

2022-05-31 08:51

引言

通过SQL进行检索ElasticSearch的文档,在一些复杂场景更为灵活。由于DSL需要熟悉其语法,自建的日志平台可能将DSL屏蔽和封装,暴露SQL的查询更易上手。本文顺着官方指南实操一把,文章内容有。

  • Kibana执行SQL查询
  • Post请求执行SQL分页查询
  • SQL中使用DSL过滤
  • 使用复杂查询条件
  • 其他查询方式(运行时字段与异步SQL)

一、Kibana执行SQL查询

请求示例:

POST /_sql?format=txt
{
  "query": """
      SELECT "pid","span_id","trace_id","user_id" FROM "prd_detail-xxx_*" LIMIT 10
   """
}

返回结果:

      pid      |    span_id     |    trace_id    |    user_id    
---------------+----------------+----------------+---------------
833037         |a481fcd11b5e7ef3|0ffc42e668901b86|null           
2631155        |44273ff566fc9634|2a770bf4a65425e6|null           
1397839        |691f7a77caf21a4c|ebc60684c13a2af3|null           
3984591        |638c9eda5973bcd3|e36218668bcac321|null   

备注:在使用kibana console会使用三引号("""),format格式支持csv、json、txt、yaml等众多格式,查询支持*号。

二、Post请求执行SQL分页查询

1.添加测试数据

先造点测试数据,方便测试,请求URL:

PUT /library/_bulk?refresh

输入参数:

{"index":{"_id""Leviathan Wakes"}}
{"name""Leviathan Wakes""author""James S.A. Corey""release_date""2011-06-02""page_count": 561}
{"index":{"_id""Hyperion"}}
{"name""Hyperion""author""Dan Simmons""release_date""1989-05-26""page_count": 482}
{"index":{"_id""Dune"}}
{"name""Dune""author""Frank Herbert""release_date""1965-06-01""page_count": 604}

备注:上面命令通过kibana将结果注入。

2.查询数据

请求URL:

http://127.0.0.1:9200/_sql?format=json

输入参数:

{
  "query""SELECT * FROM library ORDER BY page_count DESC"
}

返回结果:

{
    "columns": [
        {
            "name""author",
            "type""text"
        },
        {
            "name""name",
            "type""text"
        },
        {
            "name""page_count",
            "type""long"
        },
        {
            "name""release_date",
            "type""datetime"
        }
    ],
    "rows": [
        [
            "Frank Herbert",
            "Dune",
            604,
            "1965-06-01T00:00:00.000Z"
        ],
        [
            "James S.A. Corey",
            "Leviathan Wakes",
            561,
            "2011-06-02T00:00:00.000Z"
        ],
        [
            "Dan Simmons",
            "Hyperion",
            482,
            "1989-05-26T00:00:00.000Z"
        ]
    ]
}

备注:Postman中通过SQL查询导入的共计3条数据。

2.分页首次查询

输入参数:

{
  "query""SELECT * FROM library ORDER BY page_count DESC",
  "fetch_size": 2
}

返回结果:

{
    "columns": [
        {
            "name""author",
            "type""text"
        },
        {
            "name""name",
            "type""text"
        },
        {
            "name""page_count",
            "type""long"
        },
        {
            "name""release_date",
            "type""datetime"
        }
    ],
    "rows": [
        [
            "Frank Herbert",
            "Dune",
            604,
            "1965-06-01T00:00:00.000Z"
        ],
        [
            "James S.A. Corey",
            "Leviathan Wakes",
            561,
            "2011-06-02T00:00:00.000Z"
        ]
    ],
    "cursor""i6+xAwFaAXN4RkdsdVkyeDFaR1ZmWTI5dWRHVjRkRjkxZFdsa0RYRjFaWEo1UVc1a1JtVjBZMmdCRm1kbFJGRTBZa2wzVkdwdGN6ZG1RMVo1WlZWSFgyY0FBQUFBQUFBQ0R4WXRNMnhRTm5CTk9GTkljVEV0ZFd4d1IxRjVZbGRS/////w8EAWYGYXV0aG9yAQZhdXRob3IBBHRleHQAAAABZgRuYW1lAQRuYW1lAQR0ZXh0AAAAAWYKcGFnZV9jb3VudAEKcGFnZV9jb3VudAEEbG9uZwAAAAFmDHJlbGVhc2VfZGF0ZQEMcmVsZWFzZV9kYXRlAQhkYXRldGltZQEAAAEP"
}

备注:Postman中执行,总共3条数据,查询一页2条,返回的最后一行cursor,下一页用它来查。

3.分页第二次查询

输入参数:

{
  "cursor""i6+xAwFaAXN4RkdsdVkyeDFaR1ZmWTI5dWRHVjRkRjkxZFdsa0RYRjFaWEo1UVc1a1JtVjBZMmdCRm5WSmRrWktRM0pIVVhOeGVFNTRVRGsyVFhGNFdIY0FBQUFBQUFBQ2xCWTJTRU5VTUhSTVVGRTNkVXR2U2xCdVdWQnNUekZC/////w8EAWYGYXV0aG9yAQZhdXRob3IBBHRleHQAAAABZgRuYW1lAQRuYW1lAQR0ZXh0AAAAAWYKcGFnZV9jb3VudAEKcGFnZV9jb3VudAEEbG9uZwAAAAFmDHJlbGVhc2VfZGF0ZQEMcmVsZWFzZV9kYXRlAQhkYXRldGltZQEAAAEP"
}

返回结果:

{
    "rows": [
        [
            "Dan Simmons",
            "Hyperion",
            482,
            "1989-05-26T00:00:00.000Z"
        ]
    ],
    "cursor""i6+xAwFaAXN4RkdsdVkyeDFaR1ZmWTI5dWRHVjRkRjkxZFdsa0RYRjFaWEo1UVc1a1JtVjBZMmdCRm5WSmRrWktRM0pIVVhOeGVFNTRVRGsyVFhGNFdIY0FBQUFBQUFBQ2xCWTJTRU5VTUhSTVVGRTNkVXR2U2xCdVdWQnNUekZC/////w8EAWYGYXV0aG9yAQZhdXRob3IBBHRleHQAAAABZgRuYW1lAQRuYW1lAQR0ZXh0AAAAAWYKcGFnZV9jb3VudAEKcGFnZV9jb3VudAEEbG9uZwAAAAFmDHJlbGVhc2VfZGF0ZQEMcmVsZWFzZV9kYXRlAQhkYXRldGltZQEAAAEP"
}

备注:当继续分页查询时,需要使用上次查询返回的cursor来查,第二次查询依旧一页2条数据,总共3条,返回了1条数据。

4.分页第三次查询

输入参数:

{
  "cursor""i6+xAwFaAXN4RkdsdVkyeDFaR1ZmWTI5dWRHVjRkRjkxZFdsa0RYRjFaWEo1UVc1a1JtVjBZMmdCRm1kbFJGRTBZa2wzVkdwdGN6ZG1RMVo1WlZWSFgyY0FBQUFBQUFBQ2NSWXRNMnhRTm5CTk9GTkljVEV0ZFd4d1IxRjVZbGRS/////w8EAWYGYXV0aG9yAQZhdXRob3IBBHRleHQAAAABZgRuYW1lAQRuYW1lAQR0ZXh0AAAAAWYKcGFnZV9jb3VudAEKcGFnZV9jb3VudAEEbG9uZwAAAAFmDHJlbGVhc2VfZGF0ZQEMcmVsZWFzZV9kYXRlAQhkYXRldGltZQEAAAEP" 
}

返回结果:

{
    "rows": []
}

备注:当再次输入cursor查询时,返回记录为空,分页结束。

三、SQL中使用DSL过滤

请求URL:

http://127.0.0.1:9200/_sql?format=json

输入参数:

{
  "query""SELECT * FROM library ORDER BY page_count DESC",
  "filter": {
    "range": {
      "page_count": {
        "gte" : 400,
        "lte" : 500
      }
    }
  },
  "fetch_size"2
}

返回结果:

{
    "columns": [
        {
            "name""author",
            "type""text"
        },
        {
            "name""name",
            "type""text"
        },
        {
            "name""page_count",
            "type""long"
        },
        {
            "name""release_date",
            "type""datetime"
        }
    ],
    "rows": [
        [
            "Dan Simmons",
            "Hyperion",
            482,
            "1989-05-26T00:00:00.000Z"
        ]
    ]
}

备注:可以通过ElasticSearch DSL来过滤结果。


四、柱状显示查询结果

请求参数:

http://127.0.0.1:9200/_sql?format=json

输入参数:

{
  "query""SELECT * FROM library ORDER BY page_count DESC",
  "fetch_size"2,
  "columnar"true
}

返回结果:

{
    "columns": [
        {
            "name""author",
            "type""text"
        },
        {
            "name""name",
            "type""text"
        },
        {
            "name""page_count",
            "type""long"
        },
        {
            "name""release_date",
            "type""datetime"
        }
    ],
    "values": [
        [
            "Frank Herbert",
            "James S.A. Corey"
        ],
        [
            "Dune",
            "Leviathan Wakes"
        ],
        [
            604,
            561
        ],
        [
            "1965-06-01T00:00:00.000Z",
            "2011-06-02T00:00:00.000Z"
        ]
    ],
    "cursor""i6+xAwFaAXN4RkdsdVkyeDFaR1ZmWTI5dWRHVjRkRjkxZFdsa0RYRjFaWEo1UVc1a1JtVjBZMmdCRm1kbFJGRTBZa2wzVkdwdGN6ZG1RMVo1WlZWSFgyY0FBQUFBQUFBZkdoWXRNMnhRTm5CTk9GTkljVEV0ZFd4d1IxRjVZbGRS/////w8EAWYGYXV0aG9yAQZhdXRob3IBBHRleHQAAAABZgRuYW1lAQRuYW1lAQR0ZXh0AAAAAWYKcGFnZV9jb3VudAEKcGFnZV9jb3VudAEEbG9uZwAAAAFmDHJlbGVhc2VfZGF0ZQEMcmVsZWFzZV9kYXRlAQhkYXRldGltZQEAAAEP"
}

备注:通过参数columnar来设置显示样式,默认为false。

五、使用复杂查询条件

请求url:

http://127.0.0.1:9200/_sql?format=json

输入参数:

{
 "query""SELECT YEAR(release_date) AS year FROM library WHERE page_count > 300 AND author = 'Frank Herbert' GROUP BY year HAVING COUNT(*) > 0"
}

返回结果:

{
    "columns": [
        {
            "name""year",
            "type""integer"
        }
    ],
    "rows": [
        [
            1965
        ]
    ],
    "cursor""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"
}

备注:可通过SQL92查询、分组等复杂条件来执行。

六、其他查询方式
  • 可利用运行时字段(runtime fields)对查询结果聚合,过滤和排序,需要es 7.11版本以上,本文使用7.10 不再演示
  • 通常使用同步SQL查询,elasticsearch也支持异步SQL查询


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