基于LSTM-CNN的人体活动识别
数据派THU
共 9301字,需浏览 19分钟
·
2022-08-03 14:31
来源:DeepHub IMBA 本文约3400字,建议阅读10+分钟 本文带你使用移动传感器产生的原始数据来识别人类活动。
下楼 上楼 跑步 坐着 站立 步行
概述
导入库
from pandas import read_csv, unique
import numpy as np
from scipy.interpolate import interp1d
from scipy.stats import mode
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report, confusion_matrix, ConfusionMatrixDisplay
from tensorflow import stack
from tensorflow.keras.utils import to_categorical
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, GlobalAveragePooling1D, BatchNormalization, MaxPool1D, Reshape, Activation
from keras.layers import Conv1D, LSTM
from keras.callbacks import ModelCheckpoint, EarlyStopping
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
数据集加载和可视化
def read_data(filepath):
df = read_csv(filepath, header=None, names=['user-id',
'activity',
'timestamp',
'X',
'Y',
'Z'])
## removing ';' from last column and converting it to float
df['Z'].replace(regex=True, inplace=True, to_replace=r';', value=r'')
df['Z'] = df['Z'].apply(convert_to_float)
return df
def convert_to_float(x):
try:
return np.float64(x)
except:
return np.nan
df = read_data('Dataset/WISDM_ar_v1.1/WISDM_ar_v1.1_raw.txt')
df
plt.figure(figsize=(15, 5))
plt.xlabel('Activity Type')
plt.ylabel('Training examples')
df['activity'].value_counts().plot(kind='bar',
title='Training examples by Activity Types')
plt.show()
plt.figure(figsize=(15, 5))
plt.xlabel('User')
plt.ylabel('Training examples')
df['user-id'].value_counts().plot(kind='bar',
title='Training examples by user')
plt.show()
def axis_plot(ax, x, y, title):
ax.plot(x, y, 'r')
ax.set_title(title)
ax.xaxis.set_visible(False)
ax.set_ylim([min(y) - np.std(y), max(y) + np.std(y)])
ax.set_xlim([min(x), max(x)])
ax.grid(True)
for activity in df['activity'].unique():
limit = df[df['activity'] == activity][:180]
fig, (ax0, ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(nrows=3, sharex=True, figsize=(15, 10))
axis_plot(ax0, limit['timestamp'], limit['X'], 'x-axis')
axis_plot(ax1, limit['timestamp'], limit['Y'], 'y-axis')
axis_plot(ax2, limit['timestamp'], limit['Z'], 'z-axis')
plt.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.2)
fig.suptitle(activity)
plt.subplots_adjust(top=0.9)
plt.show()
数据预处理
标签编码 线性插值 数据分割 归一化 时间序列分割 独热编码
Downstairs [0] Jogging [1] Sitting [2] Standing [3] Upstairs [4] Walking [5]
label_encode = LabelEncoder()
df['activityEncode'] = label_encode.fit_transform(df['activity'].values.ravel())
df
interpolation_fn = interp1d(df['activityEncode'] ,df['Z'], kind='linear')
null_list = df[df['Z'].isnull()].index.tolist()
for i in null_list:
y = df['activityEncode'][i]
value = interpolation_fn(y)
df['Z']=df['Z'].fillna(value)
print(value)
df_test = df[df['user-id'] > 27]
df_train = df[df['user-id'] <= 27]
df_train['X'] = (df_train['X']-df_train['X'].min())/(df_train['X'].max()-df_train['X'].min())
df_train['Y'] = (df_train['Y']-df_train['Y'].min())/(df_train['Y'].max()-df_train['Y'].min())
df_train['Z'] = (df_train['Z']-df_train['Z'].min())/(df_train['Z'].max()-df_train['Z'].min())
df_train
def segments(df, time_steps, step, label_name):
N_FEATURES = 3
segments = []
labels = []
for i in range(0, len(df) - time_steps, step):
xs = df['X'].values[i:i+time_steps]
ys = df['Y'].values[i:i+time_steps]
zs = df['Z'].values[i:i+time_steps]
label = mode(df[label_name][i:i+time_steps])[0][0]
segments.append([xs, ys, zs])
labels.append(label)
reshaped_segments = np.asarray(segments, dtype=np.float32).reshape(-1, time_steps, N_FEATURES)
labels = np.asarray(labels)
return reshaped_segments, labels
TIME_PERIOD = 80
STEP_DISTANCE = 40
LABEL = 'activityEncode'
x_train, y_train = segments(df_train, TIME_PERIOD, STEP_DISTANCE, LABEL)
print('x_train shape:', x_train.shape)
print('Training samples:', x_train.shape[0])
print('y_train shape:', y_train.shape)
x_train shape: (20334, 80, 3)
Training samples: 20334
y_train shape: (20334,)
time_period, sensors = x_train.shape[1], x_train.shape[2]
num_classes = label_encode.classes_.size
print(list(label_encode.classes_))
['Downstairs', 'Jogging', 'Sitting', 'Standing', 'Upstairs', 'Walking']
input_shape = time_period * sensors
x_train = x_train.reshape(x_train.shape[0], input_shape)
print("Input Shape: ", input_shape)
print("Input Data Shape: ", x_train.shape)
Input Shape: 240
Input Data Shape: (20334, 240)
x_train = x_train.astype('float32')
y_train = y_train.astype('float32')
y_train_hot = to_categorical(y_train, num_classes)
print("y_train shape: ", y_train_hot.shape)
y_train shape: (20334, 6)
模型
model = Sequential()
model.add(LSTM(32, return_sequences=True, input_shape=(input_shape,1), activation='relu'))
model.add(LSTM(32,return_sequences=True, activation='relu'))
model.add(Reshape((1, 240, 32)))
model.add(Conv1D(filters=64,kernel_size=2, activation='relu', strides=2))
model.add(Reshape((120, 64)))
model.add(MaxPool1D(pool_size=4, padding='same'))
model.add(Conv1D(filters=192, kernel_size=2, activation='relu', strides=1))
model.add(Reshape((29, 192)))
model.add(GlobalAveragePooling1D())
model.add(BatchNormalization(epsilon=1e-06))
model.add(Dense(6))
model.add(Activation('softmax'))
print(model.summary())
训练和结果
model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=['accuracy'])
history = model.fit(x_train,
y_train_hot,
batch_size= 192,
epochs=100
)
plt.figure(figsize=(6, 4))
plt.plot(history.history['accuracy'], 'r', label='Accuracy of training data')
plt.plot(history.history['loss'], 'r--', label='Loss of training data')
plt.title('Model Accuracy and Loss')
plt.ylabel('Accuracy and Loss')
plt.xlabel('Training Epoch')
plt.ylim(0)
plt.legend()
plt.show()
y_pred_train = model.predict(x_train)
max_y_pred_train = np.argmax(y_pred_train, axis=1)
print(classification_report(y_train, max_y_pred_train))
df_test['X'] = (df_test['X']-df_test['X'].min())/(df_test['X'].max()-df_test['X'].min())
df_test['Y'] = (df_test['Y']-df_test['Y'].min())/(df_test['Y'].max()-df_test['Y'].min())
df_test['Z'] = (df_test['Z']-df_test['Z'].min())/(df_test['Z'].max()-df_test['Z'].min())
x_test, y_test = segments(df_test,
TIME_PERIOD,
STEP_DISTANCE,
LABEL)
x_test = x_test.reshape(x_test.shape[0], input_shape)
x_test = x_test.astype('float32')
y_test = y_test.astype('float32')
y_test = to_categorical(y_test, num_classes)
score = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test)
print("Accuracy:", score[1])
print("Loss:", score[0])
predictions = model.predict(x_test)
predictions = np.argmax(predictions, axis=1)
y_test_pred = np.argmax(y_test, axis=1)
cm = confusion_matrix(y_test_pred, predictions)
cm_disp = ConfusionMatrixDisplay(confusion_matrix= cm)
cm_disp.plot()
plt.show()
print(classification_report(y_test_pred, predictions))
总结
编辑:黄继彦
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