网页动画的12原则,帮你做出漂亮的动画效果
web前端开发
共 15857字,需浏览 32分钟
·
2021-08-20 19:10
译文 | https://cssanimation.rocks/cn/principles/
作者 | @donovanh
原文 | https://cssanimation.rocks/principles/
作为前端的设计师和工程师,我们用 css 去做样式、定位并创建出好看的网站。我们经常用 css 去添加页面的运动过渡效果甚至动画,但我们经常做的东西不会超过这些。
动效是一个有助于访客和消费者理解我们设计的强有力工具。这里有些原则能最大限度地应用在我们的工作中。
迪士尼经过基础工作练习的长时间累积,在 1981 年出版的 The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation 一书中发表了动画的十二个原则 (12 Principles of Animation) 。这些原则描述了动画能怎样用于让观众相信自己沉浸在现实世界中。
1、挤压和拉伸 (Squash and stretch)
<article>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</article>
.shape {
animation: one 4s infinite ease-out;
}
.surface {
background: #000;
height: 10em;
width: 1em;
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% - 4em);
left: calc(50% + 10em);
}
one {
15% {
opacity: 0;
}
25% {
transform: none;
cubic-bezier(1,-1.92,.95,.89); :
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
top: calc(50% - 2em);
left: calc(50% - 2em);
opacity: 1;
}
45% {
transform: translateX(8em);
height: 6em;
width: 2em;
top: calc(50% - 3em);
linear; :
opacity: 1;
}
100% {
transform: translateX(8em) translateY(5em);
height: 6em;
width: 2em;
top: calc(50% - 3em);
opacity: 0;
}
}
body {
margin: 0;
background: #e9b59f;
HelveticaNeue, Arial, Sans-serif; :
color: #fff;
}
{
width: 100%;
height: 100vh;
position: relative;
}
{
background: #2d97db;
border: 1em solid #fff;
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% - 2em);
left: calc(50% - 2em);
}
2、预备动作 (Anticipation)
<article>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</article>
.shape {
animation: two 5s infinite ease-out;
50% 7em; :
}
.surface {
background: #000;
width: 8em;
height: 1em;
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% + 4em);
left: calc(50% - 3em);
}
two {
15% {
opacity: 0;
transform: none;
}
25% {
opacity: 1;
transform: none;
cubic-bezier(.5,.05,.91,.47); :
}
38% {
transform: translateX(-2em);
}
45% {
transform: translateX(-4em);
}
52% {
transform: translateX(-4em) rotateZ(-20deg);
}
75% {
transform: translateX(-4em) rotateZ(-10deg);
}
{
transform: translateX(-4em) rotateZ(-24deg);
opacity: 1;
}
100% {
transform: translateX(-6em) translateY(4em) rotateZ(-90deg);
opacity: 0;
}
}
{
width: 100%;
height: 100vh;
position: relative;
}
{
background: #2d97db;
border: 1em solid #fff;
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% - 2em);
left: calc(50% - 2em);
}
3、演出布局 (Staging)
<article>
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</article>
.shape.a {
transform: translateX(-12em);
}
.shape.c {
transform: translateX(12em);
}
.shape.b {
animation: three 5s infinite ease-out;
0 6em; :
}
.shape.a, .three .shape.c {
animation: threeb 5s infinite linear;
}
three {
10% {
transform: none;
cubic-bezier(.57,-0.5,.43,1.53); :
}
30% {
transform: rotateZ(-40deg);
}
{
transform: rotateZ(-38deg);
}
{
transform: rotateZ(-42deg);
}
{
transform: rotateZ(-38deg);
}
{
transform: rotateZ(-40deg);
}
{
transform: rotateZ(-38deg);
}
{
transform: rotateZ(-42deg);
}
{
transform: rotateZ(-38deg);
cubic-bezier(.57,-0.5,.43,1.53); :
}
100% {
transform: none;
}
}
threeb {
20% {
filter: none;
}
50% {
filter: blur(5px);
}
100% {
filter: none;
}
}
{
width: 100%;
height: 100vh;
position: relative;
}
{
background: #2d97db;
border: 1em solid #fff;
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% - 2em);
left: calc(50% - 2em);
}
4、连续运动和姿态对应 (Straight-Ahead Action and Pose-to-Pose)
<article>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</article>
.shape.a {
left: calc(50% - 8em);
animation: four 6s infinite cubic-bezier(.57,-0.5,.43,1.53);
}
.shape.b {
left: calc(50% + 8em);
animation: four 6s infinite steps(1);
}
four {
10% {
transform: none;
}
30% {
transform: rotateZ(-45deg) scale(1.25);
}
{
transform: rotateZ(-45deg) translate(2em, -2em) scale(1.8);
}
75% {
transform: rotateZ(-45deg) scale(1.1);
}
100% {
transform: none;
}
}
{
width: 100%;
height: 100vh;
position: relative;
}
{
background: #2d97db;
border: 1em solid #fff;
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% - 2em);
left: calc(50% - 2em);
}
5、跟随和重叠动作 (Follow Through and Overlapping Action)
<div>
<div></div>
</div>
</article>
.shape {
animation: five 4s infinite cubic-bezier(.64,-0.36,.1,1);
position: relative;
left: auto;
top: auto;
}
.shape-container {
animation: five-container 4s infinite cubic-bezier(.64,-0.36,.1,2);
position: absolute;
left: calc(50% - 4em);
top: calc(50% - 4em);
}
five {
15% {
opacity: 0;
transform: translateX(-12em);
}
25% {
transform: translateX(-12em);
opacity: 1;
}
90% {
transform: translateX(12em);
opacity: 1;
}
{
transform: translateX(12em);
opacity: 0;
}
}
five-container {
35% {
transform: none;
}
60% {
transform: skewX(20deg);
}
100% {
transform: none;
}
}
{
width: 100%;
height: 100vh;
position: relative;
}
{
background: #2d97db;
border: 1em solid #fff;
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% - 2em);
left: calc(50% - 2em);
}
6、缓入缓出 (Slow In and Slow Out)
<article>
<div></div>
</article>
.shape {
animation: six 3s infinite cubic-bezier(0.5,0,0.5,1);
}
six {
5% {
transform: translate(-12em);
}
55% {
transform: translate(12em);
}
100% {
transform: translate(-12em);
}
}
{
width: 100%;
height: 100vh;
position: relative;
}
{
background: #2d97db;
border: 1em solid #fff;
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% - 2em);
left: calc(50% - 2em);
}
7、弧线运动 (Arc)
<article>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</article>
.shape.a {
animation: sevenb 3s infinite linear;
top: calc(50% - 2em);
left: calc(50% - 9em);
10em 50%; :
}
.shape.b {
animation: sevenb 6s infinite linear reverse;
yellow; :
width: 2em;
height: 2em;
left: calc(50% - 1em);
top: calc(50% - 1em);
}
sevenb {
{
transform: rotateZ(360deg);
}
}
{
width: 100%;
height: 100vh;
position: relative;
}
{
background: #2d97db;
border: 1em solid #fff;
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% - 2em);
left: calc(50% - 2em);
}
8、次要动作 (Secondary Action)
<article>
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</article>
.shape.a {
transform: translateX(-6em);
animation: eight-shape-a 4s cubic-bezier(.57,-0.5,.43,1.53) infinite;
}
.shape.b {
top: calc(50% + 6em);
opacity: 0;
animation: eight-shape-b 4s linear infinite;
}
.shape.c {
transform: translateX(6em);
animation: eight-shape-c 4s cubic-bezier(.57,-0.5,.43,1.53) infinite;
}
eight-shape-a {
50% {
transform: translateX(-5.5em);
}
100% {
transform: translateX(-10em);
}
}
eight-shape-b {
{
transform: none;
}
30% {
transform: translateY(-1.5em);
opacity: 1;
cubic-bezier(.57,-0.5,.43,1.53); :
}
{
transform: translateY(-1.25em);
opacity: 1;
}
{
transform: translateY(-1.75em);
opacity: 1;
}
38% {
transform: translateY(-1.25em);
opacity: 1;
}
60% {
transform: translateY(-1.5em);
opacity: 1;
}
100% {
transform: translateY(-8em);
opacity: 1;
}
}
eight-shape-c {
50% {
transform: translateX(5.5em);
}
100% {
transform: translateX(10em);
}
}
{
width: 100%;
height: 100vh;
position: relative;
}
{
background: #2d97db;
border: 1em solid #fff;
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% - 2em);
left: calc(50% - 2em);
}
9、时间节奏 (Timing)
<div></div>
<div></div>
</article>
.shape.a {
animation: nine 4s infinite cubic-bezier(.93,0,.67,1.21);
left: calc(50% - 12em);
100% 6em; :
}
.shape.b {
animation: nine 2s infinite cubic-bezier(1,-0.97,.23,1.84);
left: calc(50% + 2em);
100% 100%; :
}
nine {
10% {
transform: translateX(0);
}
60% {
transform: rotateZ(90deg);
}
100% {
transform: translateX(0);
}
}
{
width: 100%;
height: 100vh;
position: relative;
}
{
background: #2d97db;
border: 1em solid #fff;
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% - 2em);
left: calc(50% - 2em);
}
10、夸张手法 (Exaggeration)
<article>
<div></div>
</article>
.shape {
animation: ten 4s infinite linear;
50% 8em; :
top: calc(50% - 6em);
}
ten {
10% {
transform: none;
cubic-bezier(.87,-1.05,.66,1.31); :
}
{
transform: rotateZ(-45deg) scale(2);
cubic-bezier(.16,.54,0,1.38); :
}
100% {
transform: rotateZ(360deg) scale(1);
}
}
{
width: 100%;
height: 100vh;
position: relative;
}
{
background: #2d97db;
border: 1em solid #fff;
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% - 2em);
left: calc(50% - 2em);
}
11、扎实的描绘 (Solid drawing)
<article>
<div>
<div>
<span></span>
<span></span>
<span></span>
<span></span>
<span></span>
<span></span>
</div>
</div>
</article>
.shape {
background: none;
border: none;
perspective: 400px;
center; :
}
.shape .container {
animation: eleven 4s infinite cubic-bezier(.6,-0.44,.37,1.44);
preserve-3d; :
}
.shape span {
display: block;
position: absolute;
opacity: 1;
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
border: 1em solid #fff;
background: #2d97db;
}
.shape span.front {
transform: translateZ(3em);
}
.shape span.back {
transform: translateZ(-3em);
}
.shape span.left {
transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(-3em);
}
.shape span.right {
transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(3em);
}
.shape span.top {
transform: rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(-3em);
}
.shape span.bottom {
transform: rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(3em);
}
eleven {
{
opacity: 0;
}
40% {
transform: none;
opacity: 1;
}
75% {
transform: rotateX(-20deg) rotateY(-45deg) translateY(4em);
cubic-bezier(1,-0.05,.43,-0.16); :
opacity: 1;
}
{
transform: translateZ(-180em) translateX(20em);
opacity: 0;
}
}
{
width: 100%;
height: 100vh;
position: relative;
}
{
background: #2d97db;
border: 1em solid #fff;
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% - 2em);
left: calc(50% - 2em);
}
12、吸引力 (Appeal)
<article>
<div>
<div>
<span></span>
<span></span>
<span></span>
<span></span>
</div>
</div>
</article>
.shape {
background: none;
border: none;
perspective: 400px;
center; :
}
.shape .container {
animation: show-container 8s infinite cubic-bezier(.6,-0.44,.37,1.44);
preserve-3d; :
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
border: 1em solid #fff;
background: #2d97db;
position: relative;
}
.item {
#1f7bb6; :
position: absolute;
}
.item.one {
animation: show-text 8s 0.1s infinite ease-out;
height: 6%;
width: 30%;
top: 15%;
left: 25%;
}
.item.two {
animation: show-text 8s 0.2s infinite ease-out;
height: 6%;
width: 20%;
top: 30%;
left: 25%;
}
.item.three {
animation: show-text 8s 0.3s infinite ease-out;
height: 6%;
width: 50%;
top: 45%;
left: 25%;
}
.item.four {
animation: show-button 8s infinite cubic-bezier(.64,-0.36,.1,1.43);
height: 20%;
width: 40%;
top: 65%;
left: 30%;
}
show-container {
{
opacity: 0;
transform: rotateX(-90deg);
}
{
opacity: 1;
transform: none;
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
}
90% {
width: 12em;
height: 12em;
transform: translate(-4em, -4em);
opacity: 1;
}
{
opacity: 0;
transform: rotateX(-90deg);
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
}
}
show-text {
15% {
transform: translateY(1em);
opacity: 0;
}
85% {
opacity: 1;
transform: none;
}
100% {
opacity: 0;
transform: translateY(-1em);
cubic-bezier(.64,-0.36,.1,1.43); :
}
}
show-button {
25% {
transform: scale(0);
opacity: 0;
}
80% {
transform: none;
opacity: 1;
}
100% {
opacity: 0;
transform: scale(0);
}
}
{
width: 100%;
height: 100vh;
position: relative;
}
{
background: #2d97db;
border: 1em solid #fff;
width: 4em;
height: 4em;
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% - 2em);
left: calc(50% - 2em);
}
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