【Python】用Pyecharts制作炫酷的可视化大屏
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·
2021-10-17 14:16
前两篇Pyecharts的文章来帮我们简单的梳理了一下可以用Pyecharts来绘制哪些图表之后,本篇文章我们用pyecharts里面的一些组件,将绘制的图表都组合起来
首先介绍Pyecharts模块当中的Grid组件,使用Grid组件可以很好地将多张图无论是上下组合还是左右组合,都能够很好地拼接起来,我们先来看第一个例子
bar = (
Bar()
.add_xaxis(Faker.choose())
.add_yaxis("商家1", Faker.values())
.add_yaxis("商家2", Faker.values())
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="直方图"))
)
line = (
Line()
.add_xaxis(Faker.choose())
.add_yaxis("商家1", Faker.values())
.add_yaxis("商家2", Faker.values())
.set_global_opts(
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="折线图", pos_top="48%"),
legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(pos_top="48%"),
)
)
grid = (
Grid()
.add(bar, grid_opts=opts.GridOpts(pos_bottom="60%"))
.add(line, grid_opts=opts.GridOpts(pos_top="50%"))
.render("水平组合图_test.html")
)
我们可以看到两张图表被以上下组合的方式拼接起来,当然除了上下的拼接以外,我们还可以左右来拼接,代码如下
bar = (
Bar()
.add_xaxis(Faker.choose())
.add_yaxis("商家1", Faker.values())
.add_yaxis("商家2", Faker.values())
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="直方图"),legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(pos_left="20%"),)
)
line = (
Line()
.add_xaxis(Faker.choose())
.add_yaxis("商家1", Faker.values())
.add_yaxis("商家2", Faker.values())
.set_global_opts(
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="折线图", pos_right="5%"),
legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(pos_right="20%"),
)
)
grid = (
Grid()
.add(bar, grid_opts=opts.GridOpts(pos_left="60%"))
.add(line, grid_opts=opts.GridOpts(pos_right="50%"))
.render("垂直组合图_test.html")
)
可以看到我们无论是想上下拼接还是左右拼接,都可以通过调整参数“pos_left”、“pos_right”、“pos_top”以及“pos_bottom”这几个参数来实现,我们再来看一下下面这个例子,我们也可以将地图和直方图两者拼接起来
bar = (
Bar()
.add_xaxis(Faker.choose())
.add_yaxis("商家1", Faker.values())
.add_yaxis("商家2", Faker.values())
.set_global_opts(legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(pos_left="20%"))
)
map = (
Map()
.add("商家1", [list(z) for z in zip(Faker.provinces, Faker.values())], "china")
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="地图-基本示例"))
)
grid = (
Grid()
.add(bar, grid_opts=opts.GridOpts(pos_top="50%", pos_right="75%"))
.add(map, grid_opts=opts.GridOpts(pos_left="60%"))
.render("地图+直方图.html")
)
英文单词“overlap”的意思是重叠,那么放在这里,也就指的是可以将多张图合并成一张,那么该怎么结合才好呢?我们来看一下下面这个例子,我们将直方图和折线图通过overlap组件组合到一起
v1 = Faker.values()
v2 = Faker.values()
v3 = Faker.values()
bar = (
Bar()
.add_xaxis(Faker.provinces)
.add_yaxis("商家A", v1)
.add_yaxis("商家B", v2)
.extend_axis(
yaxis=opts.AxisOpts(
axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(formatter="{value} 个"), interval=20
)
)
.set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False))
.set_global_opts(
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Overlap-bar+line"),
yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(formatter="{value} 个")),
)
)
line = Line().add_xaxis(Faker.provinces).add_yaxis("商家C", v3, yaxis_index=1)
bar.overlap(line)
bar.render("直方图+折线图Overlap.html")
除此之外,我们也可以将散点图和折线图合并在一张图上面,在代码上就只要将直方图的代码替换成散点图的就行,这边也就具体不做演示
Bar()
.add_xaxis(x_data)
.add_yaxis(
"A",
[ ],
yaxis_index=0,
color="#d14a61",
)
.add_yaxis(
"B",
[ ],
yaxis_index=1,
color="#5793f3",
)
.直方图的全局配置代码....
line = (
Line()
.add_xaxis(x_data)
.add_yaxis(
"C",
[ ],
yaxis_index=2,
color="#675bba",
label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),
)
)
bar.overlap(line)
grid = Grid()
grid.add(bar, opts.GridOpts(pos_left="5%", pos_right="20%"), is_control_axis_index=True)
grid.render("test.html")
我们在用Pyecharts绘制了多张图表之后,可以直接Tab组件将多张图表连起来,一页放一张图表,具体看下面的例子和代码,
def bar_datazoom_slider() -> Bar:
c = (
Bar()
.add_xaxis(Faker.days_attrs)
.add_yaxis("商家A", Faker.days_values)
.set_global_opts(
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Bar-DataZoom(slider-水平)"),
datazoom_opts=[opts.DataZoomOpts()],
)
)
return c
def line_markpoint() -> Line:
c = (
Line()
.add_xaxis(Faker.choose())
.add_yaxis(
"商家A",
Faker.values(),
markpoint_opts=opts.MarkPointOpts(data=[opts.MarkPointItem(type_="min")]),
)
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="折线图"))
)
return c
def pie_rosetype() -> Pie:
v = Faker.choose()
c = (
Pie()
.add(
"",
[list(z) for z in zip(v, Faker.values())],
radius=["30%", "75%"],
center=["25%", "50%"],
rosetype="radius",
label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),
)
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="饼图-玫瑰图示例"))
)
return c
tab = Tab()
tab.add(bar_datazoom_slider(), "直方图")
tab.add(line_markpoint(), "折线图")
tab.add(pie_rosetype(), "饼图")
tab.render("tab_base.html")
和上面Tab组件不一样的是,Tab组件是一页放一张图表,有几张图表就分成几页,而Page组件则是将绘制完成的多张图表统统放在一张页面里面,代码的改动上面也十分的简单,只要将上面代码的Tab部分改成Page()即可,如下
def bar_datazoom_slider() -> Bar:
c = (
Bar()
.add_xaxis(Faker.days_attrs)
.add_yaxis("商家A", Faker.days_values)
.set_global_opts(
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Bar-DataZoom(slider-水平)"),
datazoom_opts=[opts.DataZoomOpts()],
)
)
return c
def line_markpoint() -> Line:
c = (
Line()
.add_xaxis(Faker.choose())
.add_yaxis(
"商家A",
Faker.values(),
markpoint_opts=opts.MarkPointOpts(data=[opts.MarkPointItem(type_="min")]),
)
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="折线图"))
)
return c
def pie_rosetype() -> Pie:
v = Faker.choose()
c = (
Pie()
.add(
"",
[list(z) for z in zip(v, Faker.values())],
radius=["30%", "75%"],
center=["25%", "50%"],
rosetype="radius",
label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),
)
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="饼图-玫瑰图示例"))
)
return c
page = Page(layout=Page.SimplePageLayout)
page.add(
bar_datazoom_slider(),
line_markpoint(),
pie_rosetype(),
)
page.render("page_simple_layout.html")
上图所示的图表在页面当中是不能被挪动的,在Page()组件当中我们还能够使得图表按照我们所想的那样随意的挪动
## 上面的代码都一样,
page = Page(layout=Page.DraggablePageLayout)
page.add(
bar_datazoom_slider(),
line_markpoint(),
pie_rosetype(),
)
page.render("page_draggable_layout.html")
本篇文章所用到的绘制的图表都比较的简单,为了可以让读者更加容易轻松的上手来实践,本质上就是通过上面提到的几大组件将绘制好的图表给串联起来,想要获取源码在作者公众号后台回复“pyecharts组件”就行
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