poetryPython 依赖管理和打包工具
poetry 是一个包管理和打包的工具。
在 Python 中,对于初学者来说,打包系统和依赖管理是非常复杂和难懂的。即使对于经验丰富的开发者,一个项目总是要同时创建多个文件: `setup.py` ,`requirements.txt`,`setup.cfg` , `MANIFEST.in` ,还有最新的 `Pipfile`。
基于此, poetry 将所有的配置都放置在一个 toml 文件中,这些配置包括:依赖管理、构建、打包、发布。
poetry 的灵感来自于其他语言的一些工具: composer(PHP) 和 cargo (Rust) 。
配置
poetry 的项目配置文件是 pyproject.toml ,一个简单的示例文件如下:
[tool.poetry] name = "poetry" version = "0.11.5" description = "Python dependency management and packaging made easy." authors = [ "Sébastien Eustace <sebastien@eustace.io>" ] license = "MIT" readme = "README.md" homepage = "https://poetry.eustace.io/" repository = "https://github.com/sdispater/poet" documentation = "https://poetry.eustace.io/docs" keywords = ["packaging", "dependency", "poetry"] classifiers = [ "Topic :: Software Development :: Build Tools", "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules" ] # Requirements [tool.poetry.dependencies] python = "~2.7 || ^3.4" cleo = "^0.6.7" requests = "^2.18" cachy = "^0.2" requests-toolbelt = "^0.8.0" jsonschema = "^2.6" pyrsistent = "^0.14.2" pyparsing = "^2.2" cachecontrol = { version = "^0.12.4", extras = ["filecache"] } pkginfo = "^1.4" html5lib = "^1.0" shellingham = "^1.1" tomlkit = "^0.4.4" # The typing module is not in the stdlib in Python 2.7 and 3.4 typing = { version = "^3.6", python = "~2.7 || ~3.4" } # Use pathlib2 for Python 2.7 and 3.4 pathlib2 = { version = "^2.3", python = "~2.7 || ~3.4" } # Use virtualenv for Python 2.7 since venv does not exist virtualenv = { version = "^16.0", python = "~2.7" } [tool.poetry.dev-dependencies] pytest = "^3.4" pytest-cov = "^2.5" mkdocs = "^1.0" pymdown-extensions = "^4.9" pygments = "^2.2" pytest-mock = "^1.9" pygments-github-lexers = "^0.0.5" black = { version = "^18.3-alpha.0", python = "^3.6" } pre-commit = "^1.10" tox = "^3.0" [tool.poetry.scripts] poetry = "poetry.console:main"
命令
poetry 提供了一系列覆盖整个开发流程的命令,这些命令使用简单:
名称 | 功能 |
---|---|
new | 创建一个项目脚手架,包含基本结构、pyproject.toml 文件 |
init | 基于已有的项目代码创建 pyproject.toml 文件,支持交互式填写 |
install | 安装依赖库 |
update | 更新依赖库 |
add | 添加依赖库 |
remove | 移除依赖库 |
show | 查看具体依赖库信息,支持显示树形依赖链 |
build | 构建 tar.gz 或 wheel 包 |
publish | 发布到 PyPI |
run | 运行脚本和代码 |
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