用 Python 子进程关闭 Excel 自动化中的弹窗
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2021-05-07 06:03
假想场景
xlwings
(或者其他自动化库)打开Excel文件test.xlsm
,读取Sheet1!A1
单元格内容。很简单的一个操作:import xlwings as xw
wb = xw.Book('test.xlsm')
msg = wb.sheets('Sheet1').range('A1').value
print(msg)
wb.close()
Private Sub Workbook_Open()
MsgBox "Welcome"
MsgBox "to open"
MsgBox "this file."
End Sub
Welcome
就卡住了Excel,Python代码相应卡死在第一行。基本思路
Python多线程(本文采用 threading.Thread
)Python界面自动化库(本文涉及 pywinauto
和pywin32
)
pywinauto方案
pywinauto
顾名思义是Windows界面自动化库,模拟鼠标和键盘操作窗体和控件 [^3]。不同于先获取句柄再获取属性的传统方式,pywinauto
的API更加友好和pythonic。例如,两行代码搞定窗口捕捉和点击:from pywinauto.application import Application
win = Application(backend="win32").connect(title='Microsoft Excel')
win.Dialog.Button.click()
run()
函数来完成上述操作。具体代码如下,注意构造函数中的两个参数:title
需要捕捉的弹窗的标题,例如Excel默认弹窗的标题为Microsoft Excel
interval
监听的频率,即每隔多少秒检查一次
# listener.py
import time
from threading import Thread, Event
from pywinauto.application import Application
class MsgBoxListener(Thread):
def __init__(self, title:str, interval:int):
Thread.__init__(self)
self._title = title
self._interval = interval
self._stop_event = Event()
def stop(self): self._stop_event.set()
@property
def is_running(self): return not self._stop_event.is_set()
def run(self):
while self.is_running:
try:
time.sleep(self._interval)
self._close_msgbox()
except Exception as e:
print(e, flush=True)
def _close_msgbox(self):
'''Close the default Excel MsgBox with title "Microsoft Excel".'''
win = Application(backend="win32").connect(title=self._title)
win.Dialog.Button.click()
if __name__=='__main__':
t = MsgBoxListener('Microsoft Excel', 3)
t.start()
time.sleep(10)
t.stop()
启动子线程监听弹窗 主线程中打开Excel开始自动化操作 关闭子线程
import xlwings as xw
from listener import MsgBoxListener
# start listen thread
listener = MsgBoxListener('Microsoft Excel', 3)
listener.start()
# main process as before
wb = xw.Book('test.xlsm')
msg = wb.sheets('Sheet1').range('A1').value
print(msg)
wb.close()
# stop listener thread
listener.stop()
pywinauto
竟然捕捉不到弹窗!这或许是pywinauto
一个潜在的问题 [^4]。win32gui方案
win32gui
,所幸完美解决了上述问题。win32gui
是pywin32
库的一部分,所以实际安装命令是:pip install pywin32
MsgBoxListener
类中关闭弹窗的方法:import win32gui, win32con
def _close_msgbox(self):
# find the top window by title
hwnd = win32gui.FindWindow(None, self._title)
if not hwnd: return
# find child button
h_btn = win32gui.FindWindowEx(hwnd, None,'Button', None)
if not h_btn: return
# show text
text = win32gui.GetWindowText(h_btn)
print(text)
# click button
win32gui.PostMessage(h_btn, win32con.WM_LBUTTONDOWN, None, None)
time.sleep(0.2)
win32gui.PostMessage(h_btn, win32con.WM_LBUTTONUP, None, None)
time.sleep(0.2)
更一般的方案
MsgBox "Message with default title.", vbInformation,
MsgBox "Message with title My App 1", vbInformation, "My App 1"
MsgBox "Message with title My App 2", vbInformation, "My App 2"
OK
,Yes
,Confirm
)来关闭弹窗。同理替换MsgBoxListener
类的_close_msgbox()
方法(同时构造函数中不再需要title
参数):def _close_msgbox(self):
'''Click any button ("OK", "Yes" or "Confirm") to close message box.'''
# get handles of all top windows
h_windows = []
win32gui.EnumWindows(lambda hWnd, param: param.append(hWnd), h_windows)
# check each window
for h_window in h_windows:
# get child button with text OK, Yes or Confirm of given window
h_btn = win32gui.FindWindowEx(h_window, None,'Button', None)
if not h_btn: continue
# check button text
text = win32gui.GetWindowText(h_btn)
if not text.lower() in ('ok', 'yes', 'confirm'): continue
# click button
win32gui.PostMessage(h_btn, win32con.WM_LBUTTONDOWN, None, None)
time.sleep(0.2)
win32gui.PostMessage(h_btn, win32con.WM_LBUTTONUP, None, None)
time.sleep(0.2)
[^1]: Handling VBA popup message boxes in Microsoft Excel
[^2]: Trying to catch MsgBox text and press button in xlwings
[^3]: What is pywinauto
[^4]: Remote Execution Guide
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