ElasticSearch7使用指导
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作者 | Mrwhite86
来源 | urlify.cn/NRRn2m
一、es概述
1、Doug Cutting
（1）创建了Lucene，（es与solr基于Lucene）， 开源且功能为一套信息检索工具包，jar包
（2）实现了NDFS（分布式文件存储系统）基于Google的GFS系统
（3）将NDFS与MapReduce升级改造，重新命名为Hadoop，hadoop之父
（4）基于Google的BigTable，实现了HBase
2、ElasticSearch概述
（1）概念：开源的分布式全文检索引擎
（2）优点：近乎实时存储、检索数据，扩展性好，可扩展上百台服务器，处理PB级别的数据，基于Lucene核心，通过RestFul API使全文搜索变得简单
（3）谁在使用：维基百科，搜狐新闻，Github等等
3、ES与solr的区别
（1）ES是RestFul API，而Solr是WebService API
（2）单纯已有的数据搜索，solr更快
（3）建立索引后的数据，Solr会产生io阻塞，es有明显的优势
（4）数据量增加，Solr的搜索效率会变低，es不受影响
二、es安装/head插件安装/kibana安装
声明：安装条件，JDK1.8+
1、es下载：
（1）es客户端：https://www.elastic.co/cn/downloads/elasticsearch
（2）ik分词器：https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases
（3）kibana：https://www.elastic.co/cn/downloads/kibana
（4）head插件：https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/archive/master.zip
（5）chrome-es插件：https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/blob/master/crx/es-head.crx
2、es客户端windows安装
（1）安装步骤
elasticsearch-7.12.1-windows-x86_64.zip 解压即可。
（2）相关文件
bin：启动文件
config：配置文件
- - log4j2.properties：日志配置
- - elasticsearch.yml：es配置文件，默认9200端口
- - jvm.options：java虚拟机相关配置
lib：相关jar包
modules：功能模块
plugins：插件！如ik分词器等
logs：日志
（3）启动es
双击bin目录下elasticsearch.bat
启动成功，默认访问9200端口
浏览器访问：http://127.0.0.1:9200/ 返回相关配置信息
3、安装可视化界面：es head的插件
（1）解压缩：elasticsearch-head-master.zip
（2）安装node.js：https://nodejs.org/en/
cmd：node -v验证安装成功
（3）安装cnpm：
cmd安装淘宝镜像：npm install -g cnpm -registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
cnpm -v验证安装成功
（4）安装依赖：
进入D:\elasticsearch\elasticsearch-head-master目录；执行cnpm install；
（5）运行npm run start启动npm
（6）浏览器访问：http://localhost:9100
由于跨域无法访问：
（7）配置可跨域
配置conf下elasticsearch.yml新增配置
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
重启es服务，再次访问，集群连接正常
4、Kibana安装
（1）Kibana安装的版本要与es版本对应：
（2）启动测试：运行bin下kibana.bat并测试对应的接口
（3）开发工具 http://localhost:5601
（4）配置中文：config下kibana.yml，新增配置并重启服务
i18n.locale: "zh-CN"
三、es核心概念
1、elasticsearch是面向文档的(一切都是json)，与关系型数据库的对比
RelationDB -> Elasticsearch
数据库(database) -> 索引(indices)
表(tables) -> types(慢慢会被弃用)
行(rows) -> documents
字段(columns) -> fields
2、es物理设计：
elasticsearch在后台把每个索引划分成多个分片，每个分片在集群中的不同的服务间迁移。
默认的集群名就是elasticsearch
3、逻辑设计：
（1）文档：最小单位，即一条条数据
（2）类型：text、date等类型
（3）索引：数据库
4、es字段类型：
text：会被分词器解析
keyword：不会被分词器解析
四、IK分词器
1、分词：
把一段中文或别的划分为一个个关键字，我们在搜索时候会把自己的信息进行分词，默认的中文分词器将每个字看成一个词，我们需安装使用中文分词器ik来解决
2、安装ik分词器：
（1）下载：https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases
（2）安装：elasticsearch-analysis-ik-7.12.1.zip放入elasticsearch-7.12.1\plugins目录下解压缩即可使用：
（3）重启观察ES，加载插件成功
[2021-05-12T23:00:05,420][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [DESKTOP-GIEVO4Q] loaded plugin [analysis-ik]
[2021-05-12T23:00:05,615][INFO ][o.e.e.NodeEnvironment ] [DESKTOP-GIEVO4Q] using [1] data paths, mounts [[杞欢 (D:)]], net usable_space [179.3gb], net total_space [300.7gb], types [NTFS]
（4）验证通过：elasticsearch-plugin list
D:\elasticsearch\elasticsearch-7.12.1\bin>elasticsearch-plugin list
"warning: usage of JAVA_HOME is deprecated, use ES_JAVA_HOME"
Future versions of Elasticsearch will require Java 11; your Java version from [C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre] does not meet this requirement. Consider switching to a distribution of Elasticsearch with a bundled JDK. If you are already using a distribution with a bundled JDK, ensure the JAVA_HOME environment variable is not set.
ik
3、使用kibana进行测试
启动kibana进入控制台进行测试
查看不同的分词器效果
（1）ik_smart
GET _analyze
{
"analyzer": "ik_smart",
"text":"软件工程师"
}
查看运行结果：
{
"tokens" : [
{
"token" : "软件",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 2,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 0
},
{
"token" : "工程师",
"start_offset" : 2,
"end_offset" : 5,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 1
}
]
}
（2）ik_max_word
GET _analyze
{
"analyzer": "ik_max_word",
"text":"软件工程师"
}
查看运行结果：
{
"tokens" : [
{
"token" : "软件工程",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 4,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 0
},
{
"token" : "软件",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 2,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 1
},
{
"token" : "工程师",
"start_offset" : 2,
"end_offset" : 5,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 2
},
{
"token" : "工程",
"start_offset" : 2,
"end_offset" : 4,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 3
},
{
"token" : "师",
"start_offset" : 4,
"end_offset" : 5,
"type" : "CN_CHAR",
"position" : 4
}
]
}
4、将加入自己需要的词加到分词器的字典中
打开：elasticsearch-7.12.1\plugins\ik\config\IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml，配置<entry key="ext_dict"></entry>内添加字段映射
（1）配置前
GET _analyze
{
"analyzer": "ik_max_word",
"text":"我的妈"
}
查看运行结果：
{
"tokens" : [
{
"token" : "我",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 1,
"type" : "CN_CHAR",
"position" : 0
},
{
"token" : "的",
"start_offset" : 1,
"end_offset" : 2,
"type" : "CN_CHAR",
"position" : 1
},
{
"token" : "妈",
"start_offset" : 2,
"end_offset" : 3,
"type" : "CN_CHAR",
"position" : 2
}
]
}
（2）配置
<entry key="ext_dict">my.dic</entry>
同目录下新增my.dic -> 我的妈
（3）配置后重启es，控制台
{
"tokens" : [
{
"token" : "我的妈",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 3,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 0
}
]
}
查看运行结果：
{
"tokens" : [
{
"token" : "我的妈",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 3,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 0
}
]
}
五、RestFul索引基本操作
1、基本Rest命令:
PUT | localhost:9200/索引名称/类型名称/文档id | 创建文档（指定文档id）
POST | localhost:9200/索引名称/类型名称 | 创建文档（随机文档id）
POST | localhost:9200/索引名称/类型名称/文档id/_update | 修改文档
DELETE | localhost:9200/索引名称/类型名称/文档id | 删除文档
GET | localhost:9200/索引名称/类型名称/文档id | 查询文档通过文档id
POST | localhost:9200/索引名称/类型名称/文档id/_search | 查询所有文档
2、基础测试-创建索引
创建一个索引：PUT /索引名/~类型名~/文档id
PUT /test1/type1/1
{
"name":"小白学es",
"age":3
}
查看响应，完成自动增加了索引，类似数据库
#! [types removal] Specifying types in document index requests is deprecated, use the typeless endpoints instead (/{index}/_doc/{id}, /{index}/_doc, or /{index}/_create/{id}).
{
"_index" : "test1",
"_type" : "type1",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 0,
"_primary_term" : 1
}
3、基本数据类型
（1）字符串类型：text、keyword
（2）数值类型：long、integer、short、byte、double、half float、scaled、float
（3）日期类型：date
（4）te布尔类型：boolean
（5）二进制类型：binary
4、基础测试-创建并指定索引类型
PUT /test2
{
"mappings":{
"properties": {
"name":{
"type":"text"
},
"age":{
"type":"long"
},
"birthday":{
"type":"date"
}
}
}
}
查看运行结果
{
"acknowledged" : true,
"shards_acknowledged" : true,
"index" : "test2"
}
5、 基础测试-创建/查看默认信息
（1）创建默认索引即文档
PUT /test3/_doc/1
{
"name":"小白学es",
"age":18,
"bithday":"1997-07-07"
}
查看运行结果
{
"_index" : "test3",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 0,
"_primary_term" : 1
}
插件查看
（2）查看索引，默认配置字段类型！
GET test3运行结果：
{
"test3" : {
"aliases" : { },
"mappings" : {
"properties" : {
"age" : {
"type" : "long"
},
"bithday" : {
"type" : "date"
},
"name" : {
"type" : "text",
"fields" : {
"keyword" : {
"type" : "keyword",
"ignore_above" : 256
}
}
}
}
},
"settings" : {
"index" : {
"routing" : {
"allocation" : {
"include" : {
"_tier_preference" : "data_content"
}
}
},
"number_of_shards" : "1",
"provided_name" : "test3",
"creation_date" : "1621064937104",
"number_of_replicas" : "1",
"uuid" : "f_-oPx65RwOk846CysvHRQ",
"version" : {
"created" : "7120199"
}
}
}
}
}
6、扩展，查看集群/索引信息：
查看集群状态：
GET _cat/health运行结果：
1621065190 07:53:10 elasticsearch yellow 1 1 9 9 0 0 2 0 - 81.8%
查看索引版本信息等：
GET _cat/indices?v
运行结果：
health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
green open .kibana_7.12.1_001 aGaAAOZTSQyk_0ZU_lOXsg 1 0 54 23 4.2mb 4.2mb
yellow open test2 3f9X5bcAQXKciY56Il5nfA 1 1 0 0 208b 208b
yellow open test3 f_-oPx65RwOk846CysvHRQ 1 1 1 0 4.2kb 4.2kb
green open .apm-custom-link ZyIwiavFSJSFTbh2cMd8Tg 1 0 0 0 208b 208b
green open .apm-agent-configuration FD1qwkXwTTaCT6orvViPRg 1 0 0 0 208b 208b
green open .kibana_task_manager_7.12.1_001 MIUHf-m7S_e8XrjZMduTpA 1 0 9 272 286.7kb 286.7kb
green open .kibana-event-log-7.12.1-000001 qPBR8ea4Th24CnhfxKa3Sg 1 0 6 0 32.6kb 32.6kb
green open .tasks uwcYsws9QkqK1CXKQiNI0Q 1 0 10 0 50kb 50kb
7、基础测试-修改索引/文档
（1）直接覆盖：PUT
PUT /test3/_doc/1
{
"name":"小白学es2",
"age":18,
"bithday":"1997-07-07"
}
运行结果：version+1，result为updated
{
"_index" : "test3",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 2,
"result" : "updated",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 1,
"_primary_term" : 1
}
插件查看结果：
（2）update更新：POST
POST /test3/_doc/1/_update
{
"doc":{
"name":"小白学es3"
}
}
运行结果：version+1，result为updated
#! [types removal] Specifying types in document update requests is deprecated, use the endpoint /{index}/_update/{id} instead.
{
"_index" : "test3",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 3,
"result" : "updated",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 2,
"_primary_term" : 1
}
插件查看结果：
8、基础测试-删除索引
（1）删除索引
DELETE test1查看运行结果：
{
"acknowledged" : true
}
（2）删除索引中文档
DELETE test3/_doc/1
查看运行结果：
{
"_index" : "test3",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 4,
"result" : "deleted",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 3,
"_primary_term" : 1
}
六、文档CRUD(增删改查)
1、添加数据：PUT
PUT /xiaobai/user/1
{
"name":"小白",
"age":30,
"desc":"一顿操作猛如虎，一看工资2500",
"tags":["技术宅","直男"]
}
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in document index requests is deprecated, use the typeless endpoints instead (/{index}/_doc/{id}, /{index}/_doc, or /{index}/_create/{id}).
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 0,
"_primary_term" : 1
}
插件查看：
同样的方法添加一些数据：
2、获取数据：GET
GET xiaobai/user/1
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in document get requests is deprecated, use the /{index}/_doc/{id} endpoint instead.
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 1,
"_seq_no" : 0,
"_primary_term" : 1,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"name" : "小白",
"age" : "30",
"desc" : "一顿操作猛如虎，一看工资2500",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"直男"
]
}
}
3、更新数据：PUT/POST
(1)PUT修改：全量字段更新
1号数据name：小白 -> 白神
PUT /xiaobai/user/1
{
"name":"白神",
"age":"30",
"desc":"一顿操作猛如虎，一看工资2500",
"tags":["技术宅","直男"]
}
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in document index requests is deprecated, use the typeless endpoints instead (/{index}/_doc/{id}, /{index}/_doc, or /{index}/_create/{id}).
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 2,
"result" : "updated",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 5,
"_primary_term" : 2
}
（2）POST _update：指定字段更新（推荐使用）
POST /xiaobai/user/1/_update
{
"doc":{
"name":"小白java"
}
}
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in document update requests is deprecated, use the endpoint /{index}/_update/{id} instead.
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 5,
"result" : "updated",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 8,
"_primary_term" : 2
}
4、简单的搜索：GET _searcher
text类型可以根据字段分词搜索，keyword关键词不会处理分词器
GET /xiaobai/user/_search?q=name:小白
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
"took" : 32,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 3,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.9252907,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 1.9252907,
"_source" : {
"name" : "小白",
"age" : "30",
"desc" : "一顿操作猛如虎，一看工资2500",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"直男"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.53899646,
"_source" : {
"name" : "小黑",
"age" : "32",
"desc" : "腹黑男猪脚",
"tags" : [
"旅游",
"渣男",
"游戏宅"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "5",
"_score" : 0.53899646,
"_source" : {
"name" : "小王",
"age" : "32",
"desc" : "社会性死亡",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"暖男",
"中年危机"
]
}
}
]
}
}
5、复杂操作搜索： _searcher match - 分词模糊匹配
{
"query":{
"match": {
"name": "钻石王老五"
}
}
}
查看运行结果：
{
"took": 2,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 1,
"successful": 1,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": {
"value": 4,
"relation": "eq"
},
"max_score": 3.0311832,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "xiaobai",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "6",
"_score": 3.0311832,
"_source": {
"name": "钻石王老五",
"age": "32",
"desc": "社会性死亡",
"tags": [
"技术宅",
"暖男",
"中年危机"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "xiaobai",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "4",
"_score": 1.9277248,
"_source": {
"name": "王五",
"age": "30",
"desc": "正宗青子",
"tags": [
"青年",
"吃货",
"旅游",
"胖子"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "xiaobai",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "7",
"_score": 1.6832076,
"_source": {
"name": "钻石李老四",
"age": "32",
"desc": "社会性死亡",
"tags": [
"技术宅",
"暖男",
"中年危机"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "xiaobai",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "5",
"_score": 1.2623059,
"_source": {
"name": "钻石123",
"age": "32",
"desc": "社会性死亡",
"tags": [
"技术宅",
"暖男",
"中年危机"
]
}
}
]
}
}
6、复杂操作搜索： _searcher match_phrase - 完整模糊匹配
GET /xiaobai/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match_phrase": {
"name": "钻石王老五"
}
}
}
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 3.0311837,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "6",
"_score" : 3.0311837,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石王老五",
"age" : "32",
"desc" : "社会性死亡",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"暖男",
"中年危机"
]
}
}
]
}
}
7、复杂操作搜索： _searcher term - 完成精确匹配
GET xiaobai/user/_search
{
"query":{
"term": {
"name.keyword": "钻石王老五"
}
}
}
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.2039728,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 1.2039728,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石王老五",
"age" : "19",
"desc" : "社会性死亡",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"暖男"
]
}
}
]
}
}
8、复杂操作搜索： _searcher _source - 过滤展示结果
GET /xiaobai/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match_phrase": {
"name": "钻石王老五"
}
},
"_source":["name","desc"]
}
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
"took" : 11,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 3.0311837,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "6",
"_score" : 3.0311837,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石王老五",
"desc" : "社会性死亡"
}
}
]
}
}
9、复杂操作搜索： _searcher sort - 排序（desc/asc）
GET xiaobai/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match_phrase": {
"name": "钻石"
}
},
"sort":[
{
"age":{
"order":"desc"
}
}
]
}
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 3,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : null,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石李老四",
"age" : "32",
"desc" : "社会性死亡",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"暖男",
"中年危机"
]
},
"sort" : [
32
]
},
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石123",
"age" : "28",
"desc" : "废物一个",
"tags" : [
"技术宅"
]
},
"sort" : [
28
]
},
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石王老五",
"age" : "19",
"desc" : "社会性死亡",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"暖男"
]
},
"sort" : [
19
]
}
]
}
}
10、复杂操作搜索： _searcher from size - 分页查询
GET xiaobai/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match_phrase": {
"name": "钻石"
}
},
"from":0,
"size":2
}
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 3,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 0.77691567,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 0.77691567,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石123",
"age" : "28",
"desc" : "废物一个",
"tags" : [
"技术宅"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.62774795,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石李老四",
"age" : "32",
"desc" : "社会性死亡",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"暖男",
"中年危机"
]
}
}
]
}
}
11、复杂操作搜索： _searcher bool - 联合查询 -must - 所有条件均符合
GET xiaobai/user/_search
{
"query":{
"bool": {
"must":[{
"match":{
"name":"钻石王老五"
}
},
{
"match":{
"age":28
}
}
]
}
}
}
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.7769157,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 1.7769157,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石123",
"age" : "28",
"desc" : "废物一个",
"tags" : [
"技术宅"
]
}
}
]
}
}
12、复杂操作搜索：_searcher bool - 联合查询 - should - 满足任意一个条件
GET xiaobai/user/_search
{
"query":{
"bool": {
"should":[{
"match":{
"name":"小白"
}
},
{
"match":{
"age":28
}
}
]
}
}
}
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 2,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 2.9761126,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 2.9761126,
"_source" : {
"name" : "小白",
"age" : 30,
"desc" : "一顿操作猛如虎，一看工资2500",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"直男"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石123",
"age" : "28",
"desc" : "废物一个",
"tags" : [
"技术宅"
]
}
}
]
}
}
13、复杂操作搜索：_searcher bool - 联合查询 - must_not - 不满足
GET xiaobai/user/_search
{
"query":{
"bool": {
"must_not":[{
"match":{
"name":"小白"
}
},
{
"match":{
"age":28
}
}
]
}
}
}
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 2,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 0.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石李老四",
"age" : "32",
"desc" : "社会性死亡",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"暖男",
"中年危机"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 0.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石王老五",
"age" : "19",
"desc" : "社会性死亡",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"暖男"
]
}
}
]
}
}
14、复杂操作搜索：_searcher bool - 联合查询 - filter - 过滤
gt(>) gte(>=) lt(<) lte(<=)
GET xiaobai/user/_search
{
"query":{
"bool": {
"must":[{
"match":{
"name":"钻石"
}
}
],"filter":
{"range": {
"age": {
"gte": 10,
"lte": 30
}
}}
}
}
}
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 2,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 0.77691567,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 0.77691567,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石123",
"age" : "28",
"desc" : "废物一个",
"tags" : [
"技术宅"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 0.62774795,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石王老五",
"age" : "19",
"desc" : "社会性死亡",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"暖男"
]
}
}
]
}
}
15、复杂操作搜索：_searcher match - 匹配多个标签分词（空格隔开）
GET xiaobai/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match": {
"tags":"男 技术宅"
}
}
}
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 4,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 0.6987428,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.6987428,
"_source" : {
"name" : "小白",
"age" : 30,
"desc" : "一顿操作猛如虎，一看工资2500",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"直男"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 0.6987428,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石王老五",
"age" : "19",
"desc" : "社会性死亡",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"暖男"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.5337937,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石李老四",
"age" : "32",
"desc" : "社会性死亡",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"暖男",
"中年危机"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 0.38828292,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石123",
"age" : "28",
"desc" : "废物一个",
"tags" : [
"技术宅"
]
}
}
]
}
}
16、复杂操作搜索：_searcher bool term - 多个条件精确匹配
GET xiaobai/user/_search
{
"query":{
"bool": {
"should":[{
"term":{
"name":"test01"
}
},
{
"term":{
"name":"test02"
}
}
]}
}
}
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 2,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.8809632,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 1.8809632,
"_source" : {
"name" : "test01",
"age" : "28",
"desc" : "废物一个",
"tags" : [
"技术宅"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "5",
"_score" : 1.8809632,
"_source" : {
"name" : "test02",
"age" : "28",
"desc" : "废物一个",
"tags" : [
"技术宅"
]
}
}
]
}
}
17、复杂操作搜索：_searcher highlight - （自定义高亮显示）
GET xiaobai/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match":{
"name":"钻石"
}
},
"highlight":{
"pre_tags": "<p class='key' style='color:red'>",
"post_tags": "</p>",
"fields": {
"name":{}
}
}
}
查看运行结果：
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 2,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.3250337,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 1.3250337,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石李老四",
"age" : "32",
"desc" : "社会性死亡",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"暖男",
"中年危机"
]
},
"highlight" : {
"name" : [
"<p class='key' style='color:red'>钻</p><p class='key' style='color:red'>石</p>李老四"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "xiaobai",
"_type" : "user",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 1.3250337,
"_source" : {
"name" : "钻石王老五",
"age" : "19",
"desc" : "社会性死亡",
"tags" : [
"技术宅",
"暖男"
]
},
"highlight" : {
"name" : [
"<p class='key' style='color:red'>钻</p><p class='key' style='color:red'>石</p>王老五"
]
}
}
]
}
}
七、Springboot集成es
参考Java REST Client官网文档：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/java-rest/current/index.html
1、原生的依赖与初始化方法
<dependency>
<groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
<artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId>
<version>7.12.1</version>
</dependency>
2、配置基本的项目：
（1）创建sprint-boot module
（2）module选择elasticsearch
（3）查看pom对应的依赖包
(4)调整导入es版本依赖与已本地安装的版本保持一致
pom -> spring-boot-starter-parent -> pring-boot-dependencies -> <elasticsearch.version>7.9.3</elasticsearch.version>
pom中调整为7.12.1，刷新
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-native.version>0.9.2</spring-native.version>
<!-- 自定义es版本依赖，保证与本地一致 -->
<elasticsearch.version>7.12.1</elasticsearch.version>
</properties>
查看后修改成功
（5）构建RestHighLevelClient对象
package com.testbk.config;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
//找到RestHighLevelClient对象，注入spring中，分析一波源码
@Configuration //xml -bean
public class ElasticSearchClientConfig {
// spring < beans id="restHighLevelClient" class=RestHighLevelClient>
@Bean
public RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient(){
RestHighLevelClient client = new RestHighLevelClient(
RestClient.builder(
new HttpHost("127.0.0.1",9200,"http")
)
);
return client;
}
}
3、索引API操作
（1）测试创建索引
//测试索引的创建 Request
@Test
void testCreatIndex() throws IOException {
//1、创建索引请求
CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest("mrwhite_index");
//2、客户端创建请求，indicesClient，请求后获取响应
CreateIndexResponse createIndexResponse = client.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
System.out.println(createIndexResponse);
}
查看es插件，索引创建成功
（2）测试获取索引 -> 判断索引是否存在
//测试获取索引
@Test
void testExistIndex() throws IOException {
GetIndexRequest request = new GetIndexRequest("mrwhite_index");
boolean exists = client.indices().exists(request,RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
System.out.println(exists);
}
查看运行结果：
true（3）测试删除索引
//测试删除索引
@Test
void testDeleteIndex() throws IOException {
DeleteIndexRequest request = new DeleteIndexRequest("mrwhite_index");
AcknowledgedResponse delete = client.indices().delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
System.out.println(delete.isAcknowledged());
}
查看运行结果：同时索引被删除
true4、文档API操作
（1）测试添加文档
创建用户对象
package com.testbk.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Component
public class User {
private String name;
private int age;
}
创建索引并向索引内添加文档
//测试添加文档
@Test
void testAddDocument() throws IOException {
//创建对象
User user = new User("小白",30);
//创建请求
IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest("mrwhite_index");
//规则 PUT /mrwhite_index/_doc/1
request.id("1");
request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));
//将我们的数据放入请求json,添加fastjson依赖
request.source(JSON.toJSONString(user), XContentType.JSON);
//客户端发送请求
IndexResponse indexResponse = client.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
System.out.println(indexResponse.toString());
System.out.println(indexResponse.status());
}
查看运行结果：
IndexResponse[index=mrwhite_index,type=_doc,id=1,version=1,result=created,seqNo=0,primaryTerm=1,shards={"total":2,"successful":1,"failed":0}]
CREATED
（2）获取文档，判断是否存在
//获取文档，判断是否存在 get /index/doc/1
@Test
void testIsExists() throws IOException {
GetRequest getRequest = new GetRequest("mrwhite_index","1");
//不获取返回的_source的上下文
getRequest.fetchSourceContext(new FetchSourceContext(false));
getRequest.storedFields("_none_");
boolean exists = client.exists(getRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
System.out.println(exists);
}
查看运行结果：
true（3）获取文档的信息
//获取文档的信息
@Test
void testGetDocument() throws IOException {
GetRequest getRequest = new GetRequest("mrwhite_index","1");
GetResponse documentFields = client.get(getRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
System.out.println(documentFields.getSourceAsString());//打印文档的内容
System.out.println(documentFields);
}
查看运行结果：
{"age":30,"name":"小白"}
{"_index":"mrwhite_index","_type":"_doc","_id":"1","_version":1,"_seq_no":0,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"age":30,"name":"小白"}}
（4）更新文档的信息
//更新文档的信息
@Test
void testUpdateDocument() throws IOException {
UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest("mrwhite_index","1");
updateRequest.timeout("1s");
User user = new User("小白",32);
updateRequest.doc(JSON.toJSONString(user),XContentType.JSON);
UpdateResponse updateResponse = client.update(updateRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
System.out.println(updateResponse.status());
}
查看运行结果：OK
（5）删除文档的信息
//删除文档的信息
@Test
void testDeleteDocument() throws IOException {
DeleteRequest request = new DeleteRequest("mrwhite_inex", "1");
request.timeout("1s");
DeleteResponse deleteResponse = client.delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
System.out.println(deleteResponse.status());
}
查看运行结果：OK，对应文档被删除掉
（6）批量操作文档
//批量插入数据
@Test
void testBulkRequest() throws IOException {
BulkRequest bulkRequest = new BulkRequest();
bulkRequest.timeout("10s");
ArrayList<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
userList.add(new User("xiaobai",15));
userList.add(new User("xiaobai",16));
userList.add(new User("xiaobai",17));
userList.add(new User("xiaobai",18));
userList.add(new User("xiaobai",19));
userList.add(new User("xiaobai",20));
userList.add(new User("xiaobai",21));
for (int i = 0; i <userList.size() ; i++) {
//id不用的话会随机生成id
bulkRequest.add(new IndexRequest("mrwhite_index").id(""+(i+1)).source(JSON.toJSONString(userList.get(i)),XContentType.JSON));
}
BulkResponse bulkResponse=client.bulk(bulkRequest,RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
System.out.println(bulkResponse.hasFailures()); //打印是否失败，fasle代表成功
}
返回false：
（7）查询文档
//查询文档
@Test
void testSearch() throws IOException {
SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest("mrwhite_index");
//构建搜索条件
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
//精确匹配
TermQueryBuilder termQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.termQuery("name","xiaobai");
//匹配所有
//MatchAllQueryBuilder matchAllQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.matchAll();
sourceBuilder.query(termQueryBuilder);
sourceBuilder.timeout(new TimeValue(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
searchRequest.source(sourceBuilder);
SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest,RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(searchResponse.getHits()));
for(SearchHit documentFileds:searchResponse.getHits().getHits()){
System.out.println(documentFileds.getSourceAsMap());
}
}
查看运行结果：
{"fragment":true,"hits":[{"fields":{},"fragment":false,"highlightFields":{},"id":"1","matchedQueries":[],"primaryTerm":0,"rawSortValues":[],"score":0.06453852,"seqNo":-2,"sortValues":[],"sourceAsMap":{"name":"xiaobai","age":15},"sourceAsString":"{\"age\":15,\"name\":\"xiaobai\"}","sourceRef":{"fragment":true},"type":"_doc","version":-1},{"fields":{},"fragment":false,"highlightFields":{},"id":"2","matchedQueries":[],"primaryTerm":0,"rawSortValues":[],"score":0.06453852,"seqNo":-2,"sortValues":[],"sourceAsMap":{"name":"xiaobai","age":16},"sourceAsString":"{\"age\":16,\"name\":\"xiaobai\"}","sourceRef":{"fragment":true},"type":"_doc","version":-1},{"fields":{},"fragment":false,"highlightFields":{},"id":"3","matchedQueries":[],"primaryTerm":0,"rawSortValues":[],"score":0.06453852,"seqNo":-2,"sortValues":[],"sourceAsMap":{"name":"xiaobai","age":17},"sourceAsString":"{\"age\":17,\"name\":\"xiaobai\"}","sourceRef":{"fragment":true},"type":"_doc","version":-1},{"fields":{},"fragment":false,"highlightFields":{},"id":"4","matchedQueries":[],"primaryTerm":0,"rawSortValues":[],"score":0.06453852,"seqNo":-2,"sortValues":[],"sourceAsMap":{"name":"xiaobai","age":18},"sourceAsString":"{\"age\":18,\"name\":\"xiaobai\"}","sourceRef":{"fragment":true},"type":"_doc","version":-1},{"fields":{},"fragment":false,"highlightFields":{},"id":"5","matchedQueries":[],"primaryTerm":0,"rawSortValues":[],"score":0.06453852,"seqNo":-2,"sortValues":[],"sourceAsMap":{"name":"xiaobai","age":19},"sourceAsString":"{\"age\":19,\"name\":\"xiaobai\"}","sourceRef":{"fragment":true},"type":"_doc","version":-1},{"fields":{},"fragment":false,"highlightFields":{},"id":"6","matchedQueries":[],"primaryTerm":0,"rawSortValues":[],"score":0.06453852,"seqNo":-2,"sortValues":[],"sourceAsMap":{"name":"xiaobai","age":20},"sourceAsString":"{\"age\":20,\"name\":\"xiaobai\"}","sourceRef":{"fragment":true},"type":"_doc","version":-1},{"fields":{},"fragment":false,"highlightFields":{},"id":"7","matchedQueries":[],"primaryTerm":0,"rawSortValues":[],"score":0.06453852,"seqNo":-2,"sortValues":[],"sourceAsMap":{"name":"xiaobai","age":21},"sourceAsString":"{\"age\":21,\"name\":\"xiaobai\"}","sourceRef":{"fragment":true},"type":"_doc","version":-1}],"maxScore":0.06453852,"totalHits":{"relation":"EQUAL_TO","value":7}}
{name=xiaobai, age=15}
{name=xiaobai, age=16}
{name=xiaobai, age=17}
{name=xiaobai, age=18}
{name=xiaobai, age=19}
{name=xiaobai, age=20}
{name=xiaobai, age=21}
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