Redis 集群搭建

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2020-12-05 21:19

Redis 是一个 K-V 存储系统,是一个高性能的 K-V 数据库,是目前大规模使用的缓存中间件。单节点的Redis 已经就达到了很高的性能,为了提高可用性我们可以使用 Redis 集群。


集群简介

Redis 集群是一个可以在多个 Redis 节点之间进行数据共享的设施(installation)。

Redis 集群不支持那些需要同时处理多个键的 Redis 命令, 因为执行这些命令需要在多个 Redis 节点之间移动数据, 并且在高负载的情况下, 这些命令将降低 Redis 集群的性能,并导致不可预测的行为。

Redis 集群通过分区(partition)来提供一定程度的可用性(availability):即使集群中有一部分节点失效或者无法进行通讯,集群也可以继续处理命令请求。

Redis 集群提供了以下两个好处:

  • 将数据自动切分(split)到多个节点的能力

  • 当集群中的一部分节点失效或者无法进行通讯时,仍然可以继续处理命令请求的能力

集群说明

集群数据共享

Redis 集群使用数据分片(sharding)而非一致性哈希(consistency hashing)来实现:一个 Redis 集群包含 16384 个哈希槽(hash slot),数据库中的每个键都属于这 16384 个哈希槽的其中一个,集群使用公式 CRC16(key) % 16384 来计算键 key 属于哪个槽,其中 CRC16(key) 语句用于计算键 key 的 CRC16 校验和。

集群中的每个节点负责处理一部分哈希槽

一个集群可以有三个哈希槽,其中:

  • 节点 A 负责处理 0 号至 5500 号哈希槽

  • 节点 B 负责处理 5501 号至 11000 号哈希槽

  • 节点 C 负责处理 11001 号至 16384 号哈希槽

集群中的主从复制

为了使得集群在一部分节点下线或者无法与集群的大多数(majority)节点进行通讯的情况下,仍然可以正常运作,Redis 集群对节点使用了主从复制功能:集群中的每个节点都有 1 个至 N 个复制品(replica),其中一个复制品为主节点(master),而其余的 N-1 个复制品为从节点(slave

集群 TCP 端口

每个 Redis Cluster 节点都需要 2 个 TCP 连接打开,正常的 Redis TCP 端口被服务于客户端,例如:6379,加上通过增加 10000 到数据端口获取的端口,例如:16379

第二个高端口被用来 Redis Cluster Bus,也就是使用二进制协议的一个节点到节点的通信信道。Redis Cluster Bus 被节点用于故障检测,配置更新,故障转移授权等等。客户端不应该尝试与 Redis Cluster Bus 端口进行通信,而是始终使用正常的 Redis 命令端口,然而要确保在防火墙中打开两个端口,否则 Redis Cluster 节点将无法通信。

命令端口和 Redis Cluster Bus 端口偏移是固定的,始终为 10000

注意,为了使 Redis Cluster 正常工作,你需要为每个节点:

  • 用于客户端进行通信的普通客户端通信端口(通常使用 6379)对所有需要到达集群的客户端,以及所有其它集群节点(使用客户端端口进行密钥迁移)都是开放的

  • Redis Cluster Bus 端口(客户端端口 +10000)必须可从所有其它集群节点访问

如果不打开两个 TCP 端口,集群将无法按预期工作

Redis Cluster Bus 使用不同的二进制协议进行节占到节点的数据交换,这更适合于使用少量的带宽和处理时间交换节点之间的信息

安装依赖

$ sudo gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3$ sudo curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable$ sudo source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm$ sudo echo "ruby_url=https://cache.ruby-china.org/pub/ruby" > ~/.rvm/user/db$ rvm -v$ sudo rvm install 2.4.1$ sudo gem update$ sudo gem install redis

集群配置

安装 Redis

$ cd ~$ wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.9.tar.gz$ tar xzf redis-4.0.9.tar.gz$ cd redis-4.0.9$ sudo make

创建配置目录

$ sudo mkdir -pv /usr/local/redis-cluster/{bin,etc,log,run,var}

创建配置文件

$ sudo cp ~/redis-4.0.9/redis.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7001.conf

复制命令文件

$ cd ~/redis-4.0.9/src/$ sudo cp mkreleasehdr.sh redis-benchmark redis-check-aof redis-check-rdb redis-sentinel redis-cli redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin

修改配置文件

$ sudo vim /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7001.confbind 192.168.33.110port 7001daemonize yes
pidfile /user/local/redis-cluster/run/7001.pidlogfile /usr/local/redis-cluster/log/7001.logdbfilename dump-7001.rdb
dir /usr/local/redis-cluster/var
appendonly yesappendfilename "appendonly-7001.aof"
cluster-enabled yescluster-config-file nodes-7001.confcluster-node-timeout 15000

复制配置文件

将复制后的文件中的 7001 换成相应的名称

$ sudo cp /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7001.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7002.conf$ sudo cp /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7001.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7003.conf$ sudo cp /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7001.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7004.conf$ sudo cp /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7001.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7005.conf$ sudo cp /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7001.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7006.conf

集群部署

启动节点

// 启动配置的所有节点$ sudo /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7001.conf$ sudo /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7002.conf$ sudo /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7003.conf$ sudo /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7004.conf$ sudo /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7005.conf$ sudo /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7006.conf

检查服务

$ ps -ef | grep redisroot     20077     1  0 May18 ?        00:01:04 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 192.168.33.110:7001 [cluster]root     20079     1  0 May18 ?        00:01:03 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 192.168.33.110:7002 [cluster]root     20081     1  0 May18 ?        00:01:03 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 192.168.33.110:7003 [cluster]root     20089     1  0 May18 ?        00:01:03 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 192.168.33.110:7004 [cluster]root     20091     1  0 May18 ?        00:01:03 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 192.168.33.110:7005 [cluster]root     20096     1  0 May18 ?        00:01:03 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 192.168.33.110:7006 [cluster]

停止节点

$ sudo /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7001 shutdown

节点加入集群

$ sudo cp ~/redis-4.0.9/src/redis-trib.rb /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-trib$ sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-trib$ sudo /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-trib create --replicas 1 \> 192.168.33.110:7001 \> 192.168.33.110:7002 \> 192.168.33.110:7003 \> 192.168.33.110:7004 \> 192.168.33.110:7005 \> 192.168.33.110:7006 \>>> Creating cluster>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...Using 3 masters:127.0.0.1:7001127.0.0.1:7002127.0.0.1:7003Adding replica 127.0.0.1:7005 to 127.0.0.1:7001Adding replica 127.0.0.1:7006 to 127.0.0.1:7002Adding replica 127.0.0.1:7004 to 127.0.0.1:7003>>> Trying to optimize slaves allocation for anti-affinity[WARNING] Some slaves are in the same host as their masterM: 4ed7d8f54311fb883431c1c5a4715c1ae59d5215 127.0.0.1:7001   slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) masterM: 31030e4c35659d5de1146941a2d1f2c1524b53e9 127.0.0.1:7002   slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) masterM: 573752b8b0747bc2c7bb3e4a1edb0e467cfdef0e 127.0.0.1:7003   slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) masterS: 11f577639b081c1514f28a74764c9330d819dcb8 127.0.0.1:7004   replicates 573752b8b0747bc2c7bb3e4a1edb0e467cfdef0eS: ff6d7ca3ea29036385c89a5dc93f807f91307871 127.0.0.1:7005   replicates 4ed7d8f54311fb883431c1c5a4715c1ae59d5215S: a6f79f4d1de8d7bef4911e934b802829ed29a2d3 127.0.0.1:7006   replicates 31030e4c35659d5de1146941a2d1f2c1524b53e9Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes>>> Nodes configuration updated>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the clusterWaiting for the cluster to join..>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:7001)M: 4ed7d8f54311fb883431c1c5a4715c1ae59d5215 127.0.0.1:7001   slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master   1 additional replica(s)S: 11f577639b081c1514f28a74764c9330d819dcb8 127.0.0.1:7004   slots: (0 slots) slave   replicates 573752b8b0747bc2c7bb3e4a1edb0e467cfdef0eS: a6f79f4d1de8d7bef4911e934b802829ed29a2d3 127.0.0.1:7006   slots: (0 slots) slave   replicates 31030e4c35659d5de1146941a2d1f2c1524b53e9S: ff6d7ca3ea29036385c89a5dc93f807f91307871 127.0.0.1:7005   slots: (0 slots) slave   replicates 4ed7d8f54311fb883431c1c5a4715c1ae59d5215M: 31030e4c35659d5de1146941a2d1f2c1524b53e9 127.0.0.1:7002   slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master   1 additional replica(s)M: 573752b8b0747bc2c7bb3e4a1edb0e467cfdef0e 127.0.0.1:7003   slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master   1 additional replica(s)[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.>>> Check for open slots...>>> Check slots coverage...[OK] All 16384 slots covered.

启动脚本

$ sudo vim /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/start.sh#!/usr/bin/env bash
RedisServerPath=/usr/local/redis-cluster/binRedisConfPath=/usr/local/redis-cluster/etc
for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6; do $RedisServerPath/redis-server $RedisConfPath/redis-700$i.confdone
/usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 \192.168.33.110:7001 \192.168.33.110:7002 \192.168.33.110:7003 \192.168.33.110:7004 \192.168.33.110:7005 \192.168.33.110:7006 \$ sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/start.sh
  • 停止脚本

$ sudo vim /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/stop.sh#!/usr/bin/env bash
RedisClusterPath=/usr/local/redis-clusterRedisCliPath=/usr/local/redis-cluster/binip=192.168.33.110
for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6; do $RedisCliPath/redis-cli -c -h $ip -p 700$i shutdowndone
rm -rf $RedisClusterPath/log/*rm -rf $RedisClusterPath/run/*rm -rf $RedisClusterPath/var/*$ sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/stop.sh

查看信息

$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7001192.168.33.110:7001> cluster nodes # 查看节点信息5521b06a46910c873e7ee8a274f2cb9fc41ffed1 192.168.33.110:7003@17003 master - 0 1526681994008 3 connected 10923-163838153a1b35e0fab1e48f0171653f6cffd82cbc5a6 192.168.33.110:7004@17004 slave d7e0395152496f41fe73fbbdabc8499c79f6632e 0 1526681996033 4 connecteda2ff29661185f6ad17c99232d0490b3814ba0164 192.168.33.110:7006@17006 slave affc237bf177fd4ac591314736a1358e16545d0c 0 1526681995020 6 connectedd7e0395152496f41fe73fbbdabc8499c79f6632e 192.168.33.110:7002@17002 master - 0 1526681993000 2 connected 5461-109228b613e4b5abbdf3c2486dfcb8bc1e9dde1897820 192.168.33.110:7005@17005 slave 5521b06a46910c873e7ee8a274f2cb9fc41ffed1 0 1526681993000 5 connectedaffc237bf177fd4ac591314736a1358e16545d0c 192.168.33.110:7001@17001 myself,master - 0 1526681994000 1 connected 0-5460192.168.33.110:7001> cluster info # 查看集群信息cluster_state:okcluster_slots_assigned:16384cluster_slots_ok:16384cluster_slots_pfail:0cluster_slots_fail:0cluster_known_nodes:6cluster_size:3cluster_current_epoch:6cluster_my_epoch:1cluster_stats_messages_ping_sent:59501cluster_stats_messages_pong_sent:61755cluster_stats_messages_sent:121256cluster_stats_messages_ping_received:61750cluster_stats_messages_pong_received:59501cluster_stats_messages_meet_received:5cluster_stats_messages_received:121256

相关命令

实例操作

客户端操作

// 从某个节点设置值后,去不同的节点获取设置的值$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7001192.168.33.110:7001> set foo bar-> Redirected to slot [12182] located at 192.168.33.110:7003OK$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7001192.168.33.110:7001> get foo-> Redirected to slot [12182] located at 192.168.33.110:7003"bar"$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7002192.168.33.110:7002> get foo-> Redirected to slot [12182] located at 192.168.33.110:7003"bar"$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7003192.168.33.110:7003> get foo"bar"$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7004192.168.33.110:7004> get foo-> Redirected to slot [12182] located at 192.168.33.110:7003"bar"$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7005192.168.33.110:7005> get foo-> Redirected to slot [12182] located at 192.168.33.110:7003"bar"$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7006192.168.33.110:7006> get foo-> Redirected to slot [12182] located at 192.168.33.110:7003"bar"

程序操作

下载安装

  • Flexible and feature-complete Redis client for PHP and HHVM

  • Quick tour

$ cd ~$ mkdir test$ cd test$ composer init$ composer install$ composer require predis/predis

测试代码


require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
for ($i = 0; $i < 6; $i++) { $parameters[] = [ 'host' => '192.168.33.110', 'port' => '700' . $i, 'password' => null, 'database' => 0, 'timeout' => 5, 'read_write_timeout' => 5, ];}$options = ['cluster' => 'redis'];
try { $cluster = new \Predis\Client($parameters, $options);} catch (\Predis\PredisException $e) { echo $e->getMessage(); exit();}
for ($i = 1; $i < 100; $i++) { $format = 'No.%s is a RedisCluster test.'; $cluster->set("$i", sprintf($format, $i)); echo $cluster->get("$i") . PHP_EOL;}

测试结果

$ php cluster.phpNo.1 is a Redis cluster test.No.2 is a Redis cluster test.No.3 is a Redis cluster test....No.99 is a Redis cluster test.
$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7001192.168.33.110:7001> get 11"No.11 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7001> get 23-> Redirected to slot [9671] located at 192.168.33.110:7002"No.23 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7002> get 33"No.33 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7002> get 67"No.67 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7002> get 88-> Redirected to slot [15207] located at 192.168.33.110:7003"No.88 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7003> get 99-> Redirected to slot [6263] located at 192.168.33.110:7002"No.99 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7002> get 100-> Redirected to slot [339] located at 192.168.33.110:7001(nil)192.168.33.110:7001> get 17-> Redirected to slot [12304] located at 192.168.33.110:7003"No.17 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7003> get 42-> Redirected to slot [8000] located at 192.168.33.110:7002"No.42 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7002> get 56-> Redirected to slot [11509] located at 192.168.33.110:7003"No.56 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7003> get 61-> Redirected to slot [2369] located at 192.168.33.110:7001"No.61 is a RedisCluster test."

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