Java 处理 Exception 的 9 个最佳实践，你做对了吗？

1. 在Finally块中清理资源或者使用try-with-resource语句

public void doNotCloseResourceInTry() {
    FileInputStream inputStream = null;
    try {
        File file = new File("./tmp.txt");
        inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
        // use the inputStream to read a file
        // do NOT do this
        inputStream.close();
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        log.error(e);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        log.error(e);
    }
}

public void closeResourceInFinally() {
    FileInputStream inputStream = null;
    try {
        File file = new File("./tmp.txt");
        inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
        // use the inputStream to read a file
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        log.error(e);
    } finally {
        if (inputStream != null) {
            try {
                inputStream.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                log.error(e);
            }
        }
    }
}

public void automaticallyCloseResource() {
    File file = new File("./tmp.txt");
    try (FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);) {
        // use the inputStream to read a file
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        log.error(e);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        log.error(e);
    }
}

2. 指定具体的异常

public void doNotDoThis() throws Exception {
    ...
}
public void doThis() throws NumberFormatException {
    ...
}

3. 对异常进行文档说明

/**
 * This method does something extremely useful ...
 *
 * @param input
 * @throws MyBusinessException if ... happens
 */
public void doSomething(String input) throws MyBusinessException {
    ...
}

4. 抛出异常的时候包含描述信息

try {
    new Long("xyz");
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
    log.error(e);
}

5. 首先捕获最具体的异常

public void catchMostSpecificExceptionFirst() {
    try {
        doSomething("A message");
    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
        log.error(e);
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
        log.error(e)
    }
}

6. 不要捕获Throwable

public void doNotCatchThrowable() {
    try {
        // do something
    } catch (Throwable t) {
        // don't do this!
    }
}

7. 不要忽略异常

public void doNotIgnoreExceptions() {
    try {
        // do something
    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
        // this will never happen
    }
}

public void logAnException() {
    try {
        // do something
    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
        log.error("This should never happen: " + e);
    }
}

8. 不要记录并抛出异常

try {
    new Long("xyz");
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
    log.error(e);
    throw e;
}

17:44:28,945 ERROR TestExceptionHandling:65 - java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "xyz"
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "xyz"
at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65)
at java.lang.Long.parseLong(Long.java:589)
at java.lang.Long.(Long.java:965)
at com.stackify.example.TestExceptionHandling.logAndThrowException(TestExceptionHandling.java:63)
at com.stackify.example.TestExceptionHandling.main(TestExceptionHandling.java:58)

public void wrapException(String input) throws MyBusinessException {
    try {
        // do something
    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
        throw new MyBusinessException("A message that describes the error.", e);
    }
}

9. 包装异常时不要抛弃原始的异常

public void wrapException(String input) throws MyBusinessException {
    try {
        // do something
    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
        throw new MyBusinessException("A message that describes the error.", e);
    }
}

总结