用Python展示全国高校的分布情况
数据获取
数据获取方法介绍(基础爬虫知识):
温馨提示:获取数据时需遵守网站的相关声明,爬虫代码尽量设置一定的时间间隔,不要在访问高峰期运行爬虫代码。
补充说明:
经纬度获取
使用步骤为:
import requests
def baidu_api(addr):
url = "http://api.map.baidu.com/geocoding/v3/?"
params = {
"address": addr,
"output": "json",
"ak": "复制你创建的应用AK到此"
}
req = requests.get(url, params)
res = req.json()
if len(res["result"]) > 0:
loc = res["result"]["location"]
return loc
else:
print("获取{}经纬度失败".format(addr))
return {'lng': '', 'lat': ''}
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
def get_lng_lat():
df = pd.read_excel('school.xlsx')
lng_lat = []
for row_index, row_data in df.iterrows():
addr = row_data['address']
if addr is np.nan:
addr = row_data['city_name'] + row_data['county_name']
# print(addr)
loc = baidu_api(addr.split(',')[0])
lng_lat.append(loc)
df['经纬度'] = lng_lat
df['经度'] = df['经纬度'].apply(lambda x: x['lng'])
df['纬度'] = df['经纬度'].apply(lambda x: x['lat'])
df.to_excel('school_lng_lat.xlsx')
高校位置展示
安装命令:
pip install pyecharts
1.标注高校的位置
from pyecharts.charts import Geo
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.globals import GeoType
import pandas as pd
def multi_location_mark():
"""批量标注点"""
geo = Geo(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(bg_color='black', width='1600px', height='900px'))
df = pd.read_excel('school_lng_lat.xlsx')
for row_index, row_data in df.iterrows():
geo.add_coordinate(row_data['name'], row_data['经度'], row_data['纬度'])
data_pair = [(name, 2) for name in df['name']]
geo.add_schema(
maptype='china', is_roam=True, itemstyle_opts=opts.ItemStyleOpts(color='#323c48', border_color='#408080')
).add(
'', data_pair=data_pair, type_=GeoType.SCATTER, symbol='pin', symbol_size=16, color='#CC3300'
).set_series_opts(
label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False)
).set_global_opts(
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title='全国高校位置标注图', pos_left='650', pos_top='20',
title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(color='white', font_size=16))
).render('high_school_mark.html')
2.绘制高校分布热力图
from pyecharts.charts import Geo
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.globals import ChartType
import pandas as pd
def draw_location_heatmap():
"""绘制热力图"""
geo = Geo(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(bg_color='black', width='1600px', height='900px'))
df = pd.read_excel('school_lng_lat.xlsx')
for row_index, row_data in df.iterrows():
geo.add_coordinate(row_data['name'], row_data['经度'], row_data['纬度'])
data_pair = [(name, 2) for name in df['name']]
geo.add_schema(
maptype='china', is_roam=True, itemstyle_opts=opts.ItemStyleOpts(color='#323c48', border_color='#408080')
).add(
'', data_pair=data_pair, type_=ChartType.HEATMAP
).set_series_opts(
label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False)
).set_global_opts(
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title='全国高校分布热力图', pos_left='650', pos_top='20',
title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(color='white', font_size=16)),
visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts()
).render('high_school_heatmap.html')
3.绘制按省划分的分布密度图
from pyecharts.charts import Map
from pyecharts import options as opts
import pandas as pd
def draw_location_density_map():
"""绘制各省高校分布密度图"""
map = Map(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(bg_color='black', width='1200px', height='700px'))
df = pd.read_excel('school_lng_lat.xlsx')
s = df['province_name'].value_counts()
data_pair = [[province, int(s[province])] for province in s.index]
map.add(
'', data_pair=data_pair, maptype="china"
).set_global_opts(
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title='全国高校按省分布密度图', pos_left='500', pos_top='70',
title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(color='white', font_size=16)),
visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(max_=200, is_piecewise=True, pos_left='100', pos_bottom='100', textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(color='white', font_size=16))
).render("high_school_density.html")
4.211和985高校的分布情况
参考文档:
1. 掌上高考网:https://www.gaokao.cn/school/search
2.pyecharts中文文档:https://pyecharts.org/#/zh-cn/geography_charts
评论