写一个包并发布到 npm 上面
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·
2022-07-11 17:51
说到npm包都会给人一种特别高大上的感觉,并且自己写了一个包之后如果有人用那么就会产生莫大的成就感,程序员的快乐就是这么简单。
想必有产生写npm包想法的人都对模块化比较熟悉,并且对于react、vue两者之一都比较熟练了。
下面呢我们就是使用react来写一个自己的npm包,我们呢会使用自己封装的webpack脚手架来写,如果有兴趣同学可以来看一下我的自我沉淀webpack5+react+eslint+tslint[1]文章。接下来的内容呢也是基于此来说明的。
这里也有现成的脚手架[2]
一、不同点
npm包的目录结构和普通的脚手架结构有所不同
1.启动目录不同:以往我们习惯将entry文件写在src中,但是npm包的入口文件不能写在src中,因为npm是将我们的源代码打包,不可以包括html。
所以将index.jsx和index.html文件提取到example文件中。【注意】example文件要和src同级。
结构和内容如下
index.jsx
import React from 'react';
import { render } from 'react-dom';
import ReactDemo from '../src';
const App = () => <ReactDemo />;
render(<App />, document.getElementById('root'));
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root"></div>
</body>
</html>
然后在src/index.jsx文件中 导出
import App1 from './App';
export default App1;
二 配置npm包的打包运行文件
在 config文件夹中新建webpack.npm.js文件
配置文件内容差不多。如下:详细配置请移步 自我沉淀webpack5+react+eslint+tslint[3]
externals划重点:这个可以告诉npm打包的时候不许将下面几种东西打包进去哦。
const { resolve } = require('path');
const cssLoaders = [
'style-loader',
{
loader: 'css-loader',
options: {
importLoaders: 1,
modules: {
auto: (resourcePath) => resourcePath.endsWith('.less'),
localIdentName: '[local]_[hash:base64:10]',
},
},
},
{
loader: 'postcss-loader',
options: {
postcssOptions: {
plugins: [['autoprefixer'], require('postcss-preset-env')()],
},
},
},
];
module.exports = {
entry: './src/index.tsx',
mode: process.env.NODE_ENV,
externals: {
antd: 'antd',
react: 'React',
},
output: {
libraryTarget: 'umd',
filename: 'index.js',
path: resolve(resolve(__dirname, '..'), 'dist'),
clean: true,
},
resolve: {
alias: {
'@': resolve(resolve(__dirname, '..'), 'src/'),
},
extensions: ['.ts', '.tsx', '.js', '.jsx', '.json'],
mainFiles: ['index'],
},
devServer: {
hot: true,
port: 3002,
host: '127.0.0.1',
compress: true,
open: true,
proxy: {
'/api': {
target: 'http://127.0.0.1:3002',
pathRewrite: { '^/api': '' },
secure: false,
},
},
},
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
include: resolve(resolve(__dirname, '..'), ''),
exclude: /node_modules/,
enforce: 'pre',
use: [
{
loader: 'babel-loader',
options: {
presets: ['@babel/preset-env', '@babel/preset-react'],
// 缓存:第二次构建时,会读取之前的缓存
cacheDirectory: true,
},
},
],
},
{
test: /\.tsx$/,
loader: 'ts-loader',
exclude: /node_modules/,
},
{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [...cssLoaders],
},
{
test: /\.less$/,
use: [...cssLoaders, 'less-loader'],
},
{
test: /\.s[ac]ss$/,
use: [...cssLoaders, 'sass-loader'],
},
{
exclude: /.(html|less|css|sass|js|jsx|ts|tsx)$/,
test: /\.(jpg|jpe|png|gif)$/,
loader: 'file-loader',
options: {
name: 'imgs/[name].[ext]',
outputPath: 'other',
},
},
{
test: /\.(ect|ttf|svg|woff)$/,
use: {
loader: 'file-loader',
options: {
name: 'icon/[name].[ext]',
},
},
},
],
},
};
下面着重说一下package.json中的内容
name: 包名,后续在npm中搜索全靠它
version:版本号,每发布一次npm包就要增加一个版本,每个版本不能重复。
description:描述
main: 本包向外暴露的文件,很重要,一定要和你打包出来的文件名一模一样,我的叫做"dist/index.js"
private: true/false 是否为私有。一般为false否则只有自己能使用
flies: 暴露的文件夹, 有哪些文件夹提交到npm上面 格式为[ "dist" ]
keywords: npm检索的关键字
author: 作者
license: ISC
peerDependencies: 代表着当前npm包依赖下面这几种环境。
完整配置
{
"name": "new_webpack_action2",
"version": "1.0.24",
"m": "",
"main": "dist/index.js",
"private": false,
"flies": [
"dist"
],
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
"dev": "export NODE_ENV=development && npx webpack serve --config config/webpack.dev.js",
"build": "export NODE_ENV=production && npx webpack --config config/webpack.prod.js",
"npm": "export NODE_ENV=production && npx webpack --config config/webpack.npm.js"
},
"keywords": [
"react",
"javascript",
"npm"
],
"author": "919022572@qq.com",
"license": "ISC",
"devDependencies": {
"@ant-design/icons": "4.7.0",
"@babel/core": "^7.15.0",
"@babel/preset-env": "^7.15.0",
"@babel/preset-react": "^7.14.5",
"@types/lodash": "^4.14.178",
"@types/react": "^17.0.19",
"@types/react-dom": "^17.0.11",
"@types/react-router-dom": "^5.3.3",
"@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^5.11.0",
"@typescript-eslint/parser": "^5.11.0",
"autoprefixer": "^10.3.2",
"babel-loader": "^8.2.2",
"babel-plugin-import": "^1.13.3",
"css-loader": "^6.2.0",
"css-minimizer-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.2",
"eslint": "^8.8.0",
"eslint-config-airbnb": "^19.0.4",
"eslint-plugin-import": "^2.25.4",
"eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y": "^6.5.1",
"eslint-plugin-react": "^7.28.0",
"eslint-plugin-react-hooks": "^4.3.0",
"eslint-webpack-plugin": "^3.1.1",
"file-loader": "^6.2.0",
"html-webpack-externals-plugin": "^3.8.0",
"html-webpack-plugin": "^5.5.0",
"less": "^4.1.1",
"less-loader": "^10.0.1",
"lodash": "^4.17.21",
"mini-css-extract-plugin": "^2.2.0",
"postcss-loader": "^6.1.1",
"postcss-preset-env": "^7.4.2",
"sass": "^1.38.0",
"sass-loader": "^12.1.0",
"speed-measure-webpack-plugin": "^1.5.0",
"style-loader": "^3.2.1",
"stylelint": "^13.13.1",
"stylelint-config-standard": "^22.0.0",
"terser-webpack-plugin": "^5.1.4",
"thread-loader": "^3.0.4",
"ts-loader": "^9.2.5",
"tslint": "^6.1.3",
"typescript": "^4.5.5",
"webpack": "^5.68.0",
"webpack-cli": "^4.8.0",
"webpack-dev-server": "^4.0.0",
"webpack-merge": "^5.8.0",
"workbox-webpack-plugin": "^6.4.2"
},
"dependencies": {
"antd": "4.18.8",
"axios": "^0.26.0",
"react": "17.0.2",
"react-dom": "17.0.2",
"react-router-dom": "5.2.0"
},
"peerDependencies": {
"@ant-design/icons": "4.7.0",
"antd": "4.18.8",
"bizcharts": "4.1.15",
"rc-footer": "0.6.6",
"react": "17.0.2",
"react-dom": "17.0.2",
"react-router-dom": "5.2.0"
},
"browserslist": {
"development": [
"last 1 chrome version",
"last 1 firefox version",
"last 1 safari version"
],
"production": [
">0.2%",
"not dead",
"not op_mini all"
]
}
}
三、发布
如果是第一次发布包,执行以下命令,然后输入前面注册好的NPM账号,密码和邮箱,将提示创建成功
npm adduser
如果不是第一次发布包,执行以下命令进行登录,同样输入NPM账号,密码和邮箱
npm login
注意:npm adduser成功的时候默认你已经登陆了,所以不需要再进行npm login了
接着先进入项目文件夹下,然后输入以下命令进行发布
npm publish
当终端显示如下面的信息时,就代表版本号为1.0.0(你的package.json中的版本号)的包发布成功啦!前往NPM官网就可以查到你的包
+ 你的文件名@0.1.0
四、报错
1、如果出现
npm ERR! code E403
npm ERR! 403 403 Forbidden - PUT https://registry.npmjs.org/ghost-watermarkdemo - Forbidden
npm ERR! 403 In most cases, you or one of your dependencies are requesting
npm ERR! 403 a package version that is forbidden by your security policy, or
npm ERR! 403 on a server you do not have access to.
以下几种原因会导致
账号密码错误 (请检查npm官网的账号密码)
包重名 (请检查npm官网上是否有同名项目,名字取决于 package.js 的项目名字段)
网络原因
镜像源问题
新注册的用户邮箱未激活。 登陆你的邮箱去激活(如下)
2、 如果出现
需要在你的package.json中 private改为false或者删除
更新已经发布的包
更新包的操作和发布包的操作是一样的
npm publish
但是每次更新时,必须修改版本号后才能更新,比如将1.0.0修改为1.0.1后才能更新发布。
这里的包版本管理规则都是一样的,采用的是semver(语义化版本),意思就是版本号:大改.中改.小改
五、## 从npm上面卸载自己发布的包
进入自己项目的目录执行。npm unpublish --force 出现:
npm WARN using --force Recommended protections disabled.
-包名@0.1.0
则卸载成功,这时在npm上面就搜索不到了
参考资料
https://juejin.cn/post/7002157698108096543: https://juejin.cn/post/7002157698108096543
[2]https://github.com/ghost-myl/npm-custom_webpack: https://link.juejin.cn?target=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fghost-myl%2Fnpm-custom_webpack
[3]https://juejin.cn/post/7002157698108096543: https://juejin.cn/post/7002157698108096543
关于本文
来自:夏末海棠
https://juejin.cn/post/7072652104837365774