Rocketmq源码分析13：consumer 消费偏移量
java技术探秘
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2021-04-28 00:29
注：本系列源码分析基于RocketMq 4.8.0，gitee仓库链接：https://gitee.com/funcy/rocketmq.git.
接上文，继续分析consumer消费流程。
6. 不重复消费消息：消费位置的偏移量
rocketMq的消费者如何保证不重复消费消息呢？答应就在于偏移量！consumer在拉取消息时，会先获取偏移量信息，然后拉消息时会带上这个偏移量，之后broker则会根据这个偏移量，获取对应的消息返回给consumer。
6.1 偏移量的存储初始化
处理偏移量存储的接口为OffsetStore，它有两个实现类：
LocalFileOffsetStore：本地文件存储，即存储在本地文件中RemoteBrokerOffsetStore：远程broker存储，即存储在远程broker中
这个接口的初始化在DefaultMQPushConsumerImpl#start方法中进行：
public synchronized void start() throws MQClientException {
switch (this.serviceState) {
case CREATE_JUST:
...
if (this.defaultMQPushConsumer.getOffsetStore() != null) {
this.offsetStore = this.defaultMQPushConsumer.getOffsetStore();
} else {
// 消息模式：广播模式存在本地，集群模式存在远程（broker）
switch (this.defaultMQPushConsumer.getMessageModel()) {
case BROADCASTING:
this.offsetStore = new LocalFileOffsetStore(this.mQClientFactory,
this.defaultMQPushConsumer.getConsumerGroup());
break;
case CLUSTERING:
this.offsetStore = new RemoteBrokerOffsetStore(this.mQClientFactory,
this.defaultMQPushConsumer.getConsumerGroup());
break;
default:
break;
}
this.defaultMQPushConsumer.setOffsetStore(this.offsetStore);
}
// 加载消费信息的偏移量
this.offsetStore.load();
...
}
...
}
这个方法中，与偏移量相关的操作有两个：
初始化：根据消息模式的不同，而初始化不同的 OffsetStore，简单来说，广播模式下，偏移量存储在本地，集群模式下，偏移量存储在远程broker加载偏移量信息
这里分别来看看两者的加载操作：
LocalFileOffsetStore的加载：
@Override
public void load() throws MQClientException {
// 读取本地文件
OffsetSerializeWrapper offsetSerializeWrapper = this.readLocalOffset();
if (offsetSerializeWrapper != null && offsetSerializeWrapper.getOffsetTable() != null) {
offsetTable.putAll(offsetSerializeWrapper.getOffsetTable());
// 加载每个队列的偏移量
for (MessageQueue mq : offsetSerializeWrapper.getOffsetTable().keySet()) {
AtomicLong offset = offsetSerializeWrapper.getOffsetTable().get(mq);
}
}
}
private OffsetSerializeWrapper readLocalOffset() throws MQClientException {
String content = null;
try {
// 读取文件操作，将文件内容转为String
content = MixAll.file2String(this.storePath);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.warn("Load local offset store file exception", e);
}
if (null == content || content.length() == 0) {
// 读取 bak 文件
return this.readLocalOffsetBak();
} else {
OffsetSerializeWrapper offsetSerializeWrapper = null;
try {
offsetSerializeWrapper =
OffsetSerializeWrapper.fromJson(content, OffsetSerializeWrapper.class);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.warn("readLocalOffset Exception, and try to correct", e);
return this.readLocalOffsetBak();
}
return offsetSerializeWrapper;
}
}
可以看到，这种操作下，仅仅只是读取本地文件而已。
再来看看RemoteBrokerOffsetStore的加载：
@Override
public void load() {
}
远程broker存储时，啥也没做。
6.2 偏移量持久化
偏移量持久化是在定时任务中进行的，定时任务的启动方法为MQClientInstance#startScheduledTask：
private void startScheduledTask() {
// 持久化消费者的消费偏移量，每5秒执行一次
this.scheduledExecutorService.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
MQClientInstance.this.persistAllConsumerOffset();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("ScheduledTask persistAllConsumerOffset exception", e);
}
}
}, 1000 * 10, this.clientConfig.getPersistConsumerOffsetInterval(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
处理持久化操作的方法为OffsetStore#persistAll，我们先来看看LocalFileOffsetStore的持久化操作：
public void persistAll(Set<MessageQueue> mqs) {
if (null == mqs || mqs.isEmpty())
return;
OffsetSerializeWrapper offsetSerializeWrapper = new OffsetSerializeWrapper();
for (Map.Entry<MessageQueue, AtomicLong> entry : this.offsetTable.entrySet()) {
if (mqs.contains(entry.getKey())) {
AtomicLong offset = entry.getValue();
offsetSerializeWrapper.getOffsetTable().put(entry.getKey(), offset);
}
}
String jsonString = offsetSerializeWrapper.toJson(true);
if (jsonString != null) {
try {
// 保存到文件
MixAll.string2File(jsonString, this.storePath);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("persistAll consumer offset Exception, " + this.storePath, e);
}
}
}
这个操作比较简单，就只是将偏移量信息写入到文件中。
再来看看RemoteBrokerOffsetStore的操作：
public void persistAll(Set<MessageQueue> mqs) {
if (null == mqs || mqs.isEmpty())
return;
final HashSet<MessageQueue> unusedMQ = new HashSet<MessageQueue>();
for (Map.Entry<MessageQueue, AtomicLong> entry : this.offsetTable.entrySet()) {
MessageQueue mq = entry.getKey();
AtomicLong offset = entry.getValue();
if (offset != null) {
if (mqs.contains(mq)) {
try {
// 更新偏移量信息到broker
this.updateConsumeOffsetToBroker(mq, offset.get());
log.info(...);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error(...);
}
} else {
unusedMQ.add(mq);
}
}
}
if (!unusedMQ.isEmpty()) {
for (MessageQueue mq : unusedMQ) {
this.offsetTable.remove(mq);
log.info("remove unused mq, {}, {}", mq, this.groupName);
}
}
}
在RemoteBrokerOffsetStore#persistAll方法中，会调用this.updateConsumeOffsetToBroker(...)将持久化信息提交到broker上，更新的操作方法为 MQClientAPIImpl#updateConsumerOffset：
public void updateConsumerOffset(
final String addr,
final UpdateConsumerOffsetRequestHeader requestHeader,
final long timeoutMillis
) throws RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException {
// 更新偏移量的请求 code 为 UPDATE_CONSUMER_OFFSET
RemotingCommand request = RemotingCommand.createRequestCommand(
RequestCode.UPDATE_CONSUMER_OFFSET, requestHeader);
// 执行 netty 请求
RemotingCommand response = this.remotingClient.invokeSync(
MixAll.brokerVIPChannel(this.clientConfig.isVipChannelEnabled(), addr),
request, timeoutMillis);
assert response != null;
switch (response.getCode()) {
case ResponseCode.SUCCESS: {
return;
}
default:
break;
}
throw new MQBrokerException(response.getCode(), response.getRemark(), addr);
}
broker收到请求后，又是如何处理的呢？这里我们根据UPDATE_CONSUMER_OFFSET找到处理该code的Processor为ConsumerManageProcessor，它的ConsumerManageProcessor如下：
@Override
public RemotingCommand processRequest(ChannelHandlerContext ctx,
RemotingCommand request) throws RemotingCommandException {
switch (request.getCode()) {
case RequestCode.GET_CONSUMER_LIST_BY_GROUP:
return this.getConsumerListByGroup(ctx, request);
case RequestCode.UPDATE_CONSUMER_OFFSET:
return this.updateConsumerOffset(ctx, request);
case RequestCode.QUERY_CONSUMER_OFFSET:
return this.queryConsumerOffset(ctx, request);
default:
break;
}
return null;
}
这个方法中会处理三种类型的请求：
GET_CONSUMER_LIST_BY_GROUP：获取指定消费组下的所有消费者UPDATE_CONSUMER_OFFSET：更新消费位置的偏移量QUERY_CONSUMER_OFFSET：查询消费位置的偏移量
这里我们只关注更新消费位置的偏移量操作，进入ConsumerManageProcessor#updateConsumerOffset方法：
private RemotingCommand updateConsumerOffset(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, RemotingCommand request)
throws RemotingCommandException {
final RemotingCommand response =
RemotingCommand.createResponseCommand(UpdateConsumerOffsetResponseHeader.class);
final UpdateConsumerOffsetRequestHeader requestHeader =
(UpdateConsumerOffsetRequestHeader) request
.decodeCommandCustomHeader(UpdateConsumerOffsetRequestHeader.class);
// 继续处理
this.brokerController.getConsumerOffsetManager().commitOffset(
RemotingHelper.parseChannelRemoteAddr(ctx.channel()), requestHeader.getConsumerGroup(),
requestHeader.getTopic(), requestHeader.getQueueId(), requestHeader.getCommitOffset());
response.setCode(ResponseCode.SUCCESS);
response.setRemark(null);
return response;
}
继续跟进，最终来到ConsumerOffsetManager类：
public class ConsumerOffsetManager extends ConfigManager {
...
/**
* 存放偏移量的map
*/
private ConcurrentMap<String/* topic@group */, ConcurrentMap<Integer, Long>> offsetTable =
new ConcurrentHashMap<String, ConcurrentMap<Integer, Long>>(512);
/**
* 处理保存操作
*/
public void commitOffset(final String clientHost, final String group, final String topic,
final int queueId,
final long offset) {
// topic@group
String key = topic + TOPIC_GROUP_SEPARATOR + group;
// 继续调用重载方法
this.commitOffset(clientHost, key, queueId, offset);
}
/**
* 最终处理的地方
*/
private void commitOffset(final String clientHost, final String key, final int queueId,
final long offset) {
ConcurrentMap<Integer, Long> map = this.offsetTable.get(key);
if (null == map) {
map = new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Long>(32);
map.put(queueId, offset);
this.offsetTable.put(key, map);
} else {
Long storeOffset = map.put(queueId, offset);
if (storeOffset != null && offset < storeOffset) {
log.warn(...);
}
}
}
...
ConsumerOffsetManager类就是用来处理偏移量的存储的，它使用一个ConcurrentMap来保存消费信息的偏移量，key为topic@group，value为消费位置的偏移量。
从ConsumerOffsetManager来看，偏移量仅仅只是保存在了内存中，这也就是说，如果整个broker集群停机了，然后再重启，消费位置的偏移量就没有了。
6.3 偏移量的获取
在consumer拉取消息时，在最初准备pullRequest对象时，会加载消费信息的偏移量，方法为RebalanceImpl#updateProcessQueueTableInRebalance：
private boolean updateProcessQueueTableInRebalance(final String topic,
final Set<MessageQueue> mqSet, final boolean isOrder) {
...
List<PullRequest> pullRequestList = new ArrayList<PullRequest>();
for (MessageQueue mq : mqSet) {
if (!this.processQueueTable.containsKey(mq)) {
...
this.removeDirtyOffset(mq);
ProcessQueue pq = new ProcessQueue();
// 计算消费位置的偏移量
long nextOffset = this.computePullFromWhere(mq);
if (nextOffset >= 0) {
ProcessQueue pre = this.processQueueTable.putIfAbsent(mq, pq);
if (pre != null) {
log.info(...);
} else {
log.info(...);
// 添加 pullRequest
PullRequest pullRequest = new PullRequest();
pullRequest.setConsumerGroup(consumerGroup);
// 设置偏移量
pullRequest.setNextOffset(nextOffset);
pullRequest.setMessageQueue(mq);
pullRequest.setProcessQueue(pq);
pullRequestList.add(pullRequest);
changed = true;
}
} else {
log.warn(...);
}
}
}
// 发布
this.dispatchPullRequest(pullRequestList);
return changed;
}
获取消费位置的偏移量的代码为
// 计算消费位置的偏移量
long nextOffset = this.computePullFromWhere(mq);
调用的方法为RebalancePushImpl#computePullFromWhere，进入其中：
public long computePullFromWhere(MessageQueue mq) {
long result = -1;
final ConsumeFromWhere consumeFromWhere = this.defaultMQPushConsumerImpl
.getDefaultMQPushConsumer().getConsumeFromWhere();
// 获取 offsetStore
final OffsetStore offsetStore = this.defaultMQPushConsumerImpl.getOffsetStore();
switch (consumeFromWhere) {
case CONSUME_FROM_LAST_OFFSET_AND_FROM_MIN_WHEN_BOOT_FIRST:
case CONSUME_FROM_MIN_OFFSET:
case CONSUME_FROM_MAX_OFFSET:
case CONSUME_FROM_LAST_OFFSET: {
// 读取操作
long lastOffset = offsetStore.readOffset(
mq, ReadOffsetType.READ_FROM_STORE);
// 省略各种判断
...
break;
}
case CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET: {
long lastOffset = offsetStore.readOffset(
mq, ReadOffsetType.READ_FROM_STORE);
// 省略各种判断
...
break;
}
case CONSUME_FROM_TIMESTAMP: {
long lastOffset = offsetStore.readOffset(
mq, ReadOffsetType.READ_FROM_STORE);
// 省略各种判断
...
break;
}
default:
break;
}
return result;
}
读取操作就是在这里进行的，我们直接看看本地存储的读取与远程存储的读取：
本地文件存储，就是直接读取本地文件，进入LocalFileOffsetStore#readOffset方法：
public long readOffset(final MessageQueue mq, final ReadOffsetType type) {
if (mq != null) {
switch (type) {
case MEMORY_FIRST_THEN_STORE:
case READ_FROM_MEMORY: {
AtomicLong offset = this.offsetTable.get(mq);
if (offset != null) {
return offset.get();
} else if (ReadOffsetType.READ_FROM_MEMORY == type) {
return -1;
}
}
case READ_FROM_STORE: {
OffsetSerializeWrapper offsetSerializeWrapper;
try {
// 读取本地文件
offsetSerializeWrapper = this.readLocalOffset();
} catch (MQClientException e) {
return -1;
}
if (offsetSerializeWrapper != null && offsetSerializeWrapper.getOffsetTable() != null) {
AtomicLong offset = offsetSerializeWrapper.getOffsetTable().get(mq);
if (offset != null) {
this.updateOffset(mq, offset.get(), false);
return offset.get();
}
}
}
default:
break;
}
}
return -1;
}
/**
* 读取文件的操作
*/
private OffsetSerializeWrapper readLocalOffset() throws MQClientException {
String content = null;
try {
// 将文件内容转化为字符串
content = MixAll.file2String(this.storePath);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.warn("Load local offset store file exception", e);
}
if (null == content || content.length() == 0) {
return this.readLocalOffsetBak();
} else {
OffsetSerializeWrapper offsetSerializeWrapper = null;
try {
offsetSerializeWrapper =
OffsetSerializeWrapper.fromJson(content, OffsetSerializeWrapper.class);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.warn("readLocalOffset Exception, and try to correct", e);
return this.readLocalOffsetBak();
}
return offsetSerializeWrapper;
}
}
再来看看从远程broker是如何获取的，进入RemoteBrokerOffsetStore#readOffset方法：
public long readOffset(final MessageQueue mq, final ReadOffsetType type) {
if (mq != null) {
switch (type) {
case MEMORY_FIRST_THEN_STORE:
case READ_FROM_MEMORY: {
AtomicLong offset = this.offsetTable.get(mq);
if (offset != null) {
return offset.get();
} else if (ReadOffsetType.READ_FROM_MEMORY == type) {
return -1;
}
}
case READ_FROM_STORE: {
try {
// 从broker中获取
long brokerOffset = this.fetchConsumeOffsetFromBroker(mq);
AtomicLong offset = new AtomicLong(brokerOffset);
this.updateOffset(mq, offset.get(), false);
return brokerOffset;
}
// No offset in broker
catch (MQBrokerException e) {
return -1;
}
//Other exceptions
catch (Exception e) {
log.warn("fetchConsumeOffsetFromBroker exception, " + mq, e);
return -2;
}
}
default:
break;
}
}
return -1;
}
/**
* 继续获取操作
*/
private long fetchConsumeOffsetFromBroker(MessageQueue mq) throws RemotingException,
MQBrokerException, InterruptedException, MQClientException {
// 找到对应的 broker，只从对应的broker上获取
FindBrokerResult findBrokerResult = this.mQClientFactory
.findBrokerAddressInAdmin(mq.getBrokerName());
if (null == findBrokerResult) {
this.mQClientFactory.updateTopicRouteInfoFromNameServer(mq.getTopic());
findBrokerResult = this.mQClientFactory.findBrokerAddressInAdmin(mq.getBrokerName());
}
if (findBrokerResult != null) {
QueryConsumerOffsetRequestHeader requestHeader = new QueryConsumerOffsetRequestHeader();
requestHeader.setTopic(mq.getTopic());
requestHeader.setConsumerGroup(this.groupName);
requestHeader.setQueueId(mq.getQueueId());
// 从broker查询
return this.mQClientFactory.getMQClientAPIImpl().queryConsumerOffset(
findBrokerResult.getBrokerAddr(), requestHeader, 1000 * 5);
} else {
throw new MQClientException("The broker[" + mq.getBrokerName() + "] not exist", null);
}
}
查询操作在MQClientAPIImpl#queryConsumerOffset方法中，进入：
public long queryConsumerOffset(
final String addr,
final QueryConsumerOffsetRequestHeader requestHeader,
final long timeoutMillis
) throws RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException {
RemotingCommand request = RemotingCommand.createRequestCommand(
RequestCode.QUERY_CONSUMER_OFFSET, requestHeader);
RemotingCommand response = this.remotingClient.invokeSync(
MixAll.brokerVIPChannel(this.clientConfig.isVipChannelEnabled(), addr),
request, timeoutMillis);
assert response != null;
switch (response.getCode()) {
case ResponseCode.SUCCESS: {
// 处理结果
QueryConsumerOffsetResponseHeader responseHeader =
(QueryConsumerOffsetResponseHeader) response.decodeCommandCustomHeader(
QueryConsumerOffsetResponseHeader.class);
return responseHeader.getOffset();
}
default:
break;
}
throw new MQBrokerException(response.getCode(), response.getRemark(), addr);
}
收到该消息后，broker会如何应答呢？
ConsumerManageProcessor#processRequest方法如下：
@Override
public RemotingCommand processRequest(ChannelHandlerContext ctx,
RemotingCommand request) throws RemotingCommandException {
switch (request.getCode()) {
case RequestCode.GET_CONSUMER_LIST_BY_GROUP:
return this.getConsumerListByGroup(ctx, request);
case RequestCode.UPDATE_CONSUMER_OFFSET:
return this.updateConsumerOffset(ctx, request);
case RequestCode.QUERY_CONSUMER_OFFSET:
return this.queryConsumerOffset(ctx, request);
default:
break;
}
return null;
}
处理查询操作在ConsumerManageProcessor#queryConsumerOffset方法中：
private RemotingCommand queryConsumerOffset(ChannelHandlerContext ctx,
RemotingCommand request) throws RemotingCommandException {
final RemotingCommand response =
RemotingCommand.createResponseCommand(QueryConsumerOffsetResponseHeader.class);
final QueryConsumerOffsetResponseHeader responseHeader =
(QueryConsumerOffsetResponseHeader) response.readCustomHeader();
final QueryConsumerOffsetRequestHeader requestHeader =
(QueryConsumerOffsetRequestHeader) request
.decodeCommandCustomHeader(QueryConsumerOffsetRequestHeader.class);
// 查询操作
long offset =
this.brokerController.getConsumerOffsetManager().queryOffset(
requestHeader.getConsumerGroup(), requestHeader.getTopic(),
requestHeader.getQueueId());
...
return response;
}
最终调用ConsumerOffsetManager#queryOffset(...)方法完成查询操作：
public long queryOffset(final String group, final String topic, final int queueId) {
// topic@group
String key = topic + TOPIC_GROUP_SEPARATOR + group;
ConcurrentMap<Integer, Long> map = this.offsetTable.get(key);
if (null != map) {
Long offset = map.get(queueId);
if (offset != null)
return offset;
}
return -1;
}
其实就是从ConsumerOffsetManager的成员变量offsetTable中获取数据。
限于作者个人水平，文中难免有错误之处，欢迎指正！原创不易，商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。
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