Prometheus 监控服务端口、网站状态等（黑盒监测）-技术圈

1、blackbox_exporter介绍

blackbox_exporter是Prometheus 官方提供的 exporter 之一，可以提供 http、dns、tcp、icmp 的监控数据采集。

blackbox_exporter 应用场景：

HTTP 测试： 定义 Request Header 信息，判断 Http status / Http Respones Header / Http Body 内容
TCP 测试：业务组件端口状态监听，应用层协议定义与监听
ICMP 测试：主机探活机制
POST 测试：接口联通性
SSL 证书过期时间

2、安装blackbox_exporter

# wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.16.0/blackbox_exporter-0.16.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

# tar xf blackbox_exporter-0.16.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
# ln -s /usr/local/blackbox_exporter-0.16.0.linux-amd64/ /usr/local/blackbox_exporter

# 使用systemd管理blackbox_exporter服务
# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=blackbox_exporter
After=network.target

[Service]
User=root
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter --config.file=/usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl start blackbox_exporter
# systemctl enable blackbox_exporter

3、配置Prometheus采集数据

# cd /usr/local/prometheus
# vim prometheus.yml
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s
  evaluation_interval: 15s

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'prometheus'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['localhost:9090']

   # 网站监控
  - job_name: 'http_status'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['http://www.baidu.com']
        labels:
          instance: http_status
          group: web
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.31.63:9115

   # ping 检测
  - job_name: 'ping_status'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [icmp]
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.31.62']
        labels:
          instance: 'ping_status'
          group: 'icmp'
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.31.63:9115

   # 端口监控
  - job_name: 'port_status'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [tcp_connect]
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.31.62:80']
        labels:
          instance: 'port_status'
          group: 'port'
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.31.63:9115

# systemctl restart prometheus

4、Grafana可视化展示

需要安装饼状态图插件，安装后重启grafana。

grafana-cli plugins install grafana-piechart-panel
systemctl restart grafana-server.service

此模板ID为9965，数据源选择Prometheus：

- END -

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