你还在使用 try-catch-finally 关闭资源?-技术圈

Java技术栈

www.javastack.cn

关注阅读更多优质文章

作者：何甜甜在吗
链接：https://juejin.im/post/5b8f9fa05188255c6f1df755

代码一定得写的优雅一点！

你还在使用try-catch-finally关闭资源吗，如果是，那么就有点out了。皮皮甜手把手教你使用JDK7引用的try-with-resource

JDK7之前资源的关闭姿势：

/**
 * jdk7以前关闭流的方式
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class CloseResourceBefore7 {
    private static final String FileName = "file.txt";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileInputStream inputStream = null;

        try {
            inputStream = new FileInputStream(FileName);
            char c1 = (char) inputStream.read();
            System.out.println("c1=" + c1);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (inputStream != null) {
                inputStream.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

JDK7及以后关闭资源的正确姿势

try-with-resource Resource的定义：

所有实现了 java.lang.AutoCloseable[1] 接口（其中，它包括实现了 java.io.Closeable[2] 的所有对象），可以使用作为资源。简单Demo进行证实：实现java.lang.AutoCloseable接口的Resource类：

/**
 * 资源类
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class Resource implements AutoCloseable {
    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println("hello");
    }

    @Override
    public void close() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Resource is closed");
    }
}

测试类CloseResourceIn7.java

/**
 * jdk7及以后关闭流的方式
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class CloseResourceIn7 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try(Resource resource = new Resource()) {
            resource.sayHello();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

打印结果：

hello
Resource is closed

当存在多个打开资源的时候：资源二Resource2.java

/**
 * 资源2
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class Resource2 implements AutoCloseable {
    public void sayhello() {
        System.out.println("Resource say hello");
    }

    @Override
    public void close() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Resource2 is closed");
    }
}

测试类CloseResourceIn7.java

/**
 * jdk7及以后关闭流的方式
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class CloseResourceIn7 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try(Resource resource = new Resource(); Resource2 resource2 = new Resource2()) {
            resource.sayHello();
            resource2.sayhello();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

打印结果：

hello
Resource say hello
Resource2 is closed
Resource is closed

即使资源很多，代码也可以写的很简洁，如果用JDK7之前的方式去关闭资源，那么资源越多，用fianl关闭资源时嵌套也就越多。最近写的这篇：写了个全局变量的bug，也推荐看下。

那么它的底层原理又是怎样的呢，由皮皮甜独家揭秘优雅关闭资源背后的密码秘密

查看编译的class文件CloseResourceIn7.class：

public class CloseResourceIn7 {
    public CloseResourceIn7() {
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Resource resource = new Resource();
            Throwable var2 = null;

            try {
                resource.sayHello();
            } catch (Throwable var12) {
                var2 = var12;
                throw var12;
            } finally {
                if (resource != null) {
                    if (var2 != null) {
                        try {
                            resource.close();
                        } catch (Throwable var11) {
                            var2.addSuppressed(var11);
                        }
                    } else {
                        resource.close();
                    }
                }

            }
        } catch (Exception var14) {
            var14.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

可以发现编译以后生成了try-catch-finally语句块 finally中的var2.addSuppressed(var11);

是不是有疑问？其实这么做是为了处理异常屏蔽的，我们将代码修改一下。

资源Resource.java

/**
 * 资源类
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class Resource implements AutoCloseable {
    public void sayHello() throws Exception {
        throw new Exception("Resource throw Exception");
    }

    @Override
    public void close() throws Exception {
        throw new Exception("Close method throw Exception");
    }
}

两个方法里面都抛出异常

测试类CloseResourceIn7.java

/**
 * jdk7及以后关闭流的方式
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class CloseResourceIn7 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            errorTest();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void errorTest() throws Exception {
        Resource resource = null;
        try {
            resource = new Resource();
            resource.sayHello();
        }

        finally {
            if (resource != null) {
                resource.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

打印结果：

java.lang.Exception: Close method throw Exception
 at com.shuwen.Resource.close(Resource.java:15)
 at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:27)
 at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.main(CloseResourceIn7.java:12)

只打印了最后出现的异常【异常屏蔽】这样会给开发人员排查错误带来一定的困难我们换成try-with-resource方法实现CloseResourceIn7.java

/**
 * jdk7及以后关闭流的方式
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class CloseResourceIn7 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            errorTest();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void errorTest() throws Exception {
        try(Resource resource = new Resource()) {
            resource.sayHello();
        }

    }
}

打印信息：

java.lang.Exception: Resource throw Exception
    at com.shuwen.Resource.sayHello(Resource.java:10)
  at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:20)
 at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.main(CloseResourceIn7.java:12)
  Suppressed: java.lang.Exception: Close method throw Exception
      at com.shuwen.Resource.close(Resource.java:15)
     at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:21)
     ... 1 more

可以发现，异常信息中多了一个Suppressed的提示，告诉我们这个异常其实由两个异常组成，Close method throw Exception这个异常是被Suppressed【屏蔽】的异常

怎么样，是不是很简单呢，如果学会了话来个在看吧！

参考资料

[1]

java.lang.AutoCloseable: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/AutoCloseable.html

[2]

java.io.Closeable: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/Closeable.html