用 Python 动态可视化,看看比特币这几年
数据派THU
共 7959字,需浏览 16分钟
·
2021-04-06 13:15
来源:早起Python 本文约3600字,建议阅读8分钟
比特币一年翻6倍?
import requests
import json
import csv
import time
time_stamp = int(time.time())
url = f"https://web-api.coinmarketcap.com/v1/cryptocurrency/ohlcv/historical?convert=USD&slug=bitcoin&time_end={time_stamp}&time_start=1367107200"
rd = requests.get(url = url)
# 返回的数据是 JSON 格式,使用 json 模块解析
co = json.loads(rd.content)
list1 = co['data']['quotes']
with open('BTC.csv','w' ,encoding='utf8',newline='') as f:
csvi = csv.writer(f)
csv_head = ["date","price","volume"]
csvi.writerow(csv_head)
for i in list1:
quote_date = i["time_open"][:10]
quote_price = "{:.2f}".format(i["quote"]["USD"]["close"])
quote_volume = "{:.2f}".format(i["quote"]["USD"]["volume"])
csvi.writerow([quote_date, quote_price, quote_volume])
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import cm
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.ticker as ticker
import matplotlib.animation as animation
from IPython.display import HTML
from datetime import datetime
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
plt.rc('axes',axisbelow=True)
mpl.rcParams['animation.embed_limit'] = 2**128
df = pd.read_csv('BTC.csv')
df['date']=[datetime.strptime(d, '%Y/%m/%d').date() for d in df['date']]
Span=180
N_Span=0
df_temp=df.loc[N_Span*Span:(N_Span+1)*Span,:]
df_temp.head(5)
fig =plt.figure(figsize=(6,4), dpi=100)
plt.subplots_adjust(top=1,bottom=0,left=0,right=0.9,hspace=0,wspace=0)
plt.fill_between(df_temp.date.values, y1=df_temp.price.values, y2=0,alpha=0.75, facecolor='r', linewidth=1,edgecolor ='none',zorder=1)
plt.plot(df_temp.date, df_temp.price, color='k',zorder=2)
plt.scatter(df_temp.date.values[-1], df_temp.price.values[-1], color='white',s=150,edgecolor ='k',linewidth=2,zorder=3)
plt.text(df_temp.date.values[-1], df_temp.price.values[-1]*1.18,s=np.round(df_temp.price.values[-1],1),size=10,ha='center', va='top')
plt.ylim(0, df_temp.price.max()*1.68)
plt.xticks(ticks=df_temp.date.values[0:Span+1:30],labels=df_temp.date.values[0:Span+1:30],rotation=0)
plt.margins(x=0.01)
ax = plt.gca()#获取边框
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none') # 设置上‘脊梁’为无色
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none') # 设置上‘脊梁’为无色
ax.spines['left'].set_color('none') # 设置上‘脊梁’为无色
plt.grid(axis="y",c=(217/256,217/256,217/256),linewidth=1) #设置网格线
plt.show()
Span_Date =180
Num_Date =360 #终止日期
df_temp=df.loc[Num_Date-Span_Date: Num_Date,:] #选择从Num_Date-Span_Date开始到Num_Date的180天的数据
colors = cm.Spectral_r(df_temp.price / float(max(df_temp.price)))
fig =plt.figure(figsize=(6,4), dpi=100)
plt.subplots_adjust(top=1,bottom=0,left=0,right=0.9,hspace=0,wspace=0)
plt.bar(df_temp.date.values,df_temp.price.values,color=colors,width=1,align="center",zorder=1)
plt.plot(df_temp.date, df_temp.price, color='k',zorder=2)
plt.scatter(df_temp.date.values[-1], df_temp.price.values[-1], color='white',s=150,edgecolor ='k',linewidth=2,zorder=3)
plt.text(df_temp.date.values[-1], df_temp.price.values[-1]*1.18,s=np.round(df_temp.price.values[-1],1),size=10,ha='center', va='top')
plt.ylim(0, df_temp.price.max()*1.68)
plt.xticks(ticks=df_temp.date.values[0: Span_Date +1:30],labels=df_temp.date.values[0: Span_Date +1:30],rotation=0)
plt.margins(x=0.01)
ax = plt.gca()#获取边框
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none') # 设置上‘脊梁’为无色
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none') # 设置上‘脊梁’为无色
ax.spines['left'].set_color('none') # 设置上‘脊梁’为无色
plt.grid(axis="y",c=(217/256,217/256,217/256),linewidth=1) #设置网格线
plt.show()
def draw_areachart(Num_Date):
Span_Date=180
ax.clear()
if Num_Date<Span_Date:
df_temp=df.loc[0:Num_Date,:]
df_span=df.loc[0:Span_Date,:]
colors = cm.Spectral_r(df_span.price.values / float(max(df_span.price.values)))
plt.bar(df_temp.date.values,df_temp.price.values,color=colors,width=1.5,align="center",zorder=1)
plt.plot(df_temp.date, df_temp.price, color='k',zorder=2)
plt.scatter(df_temp.date.values[-1], df_temp.price.values[-1], color='white',s=150,edgecolor ='k',linewidth=2,zorder=3)
plt.text(df_temp.date.values[-1], df_temp.price.values[-1]*1.18,s=np.round(df_temp.price.values[-1],1),
size=10,ha='center', va='top')
plt.ylim(0, df_span.price.max()*1.68)
plt.xlim(df_span.date.values[0], df_span.date.values[-1])
plt.xticks(ticks=df_span.date.values[0:Span_Date+1:30],labels=df_span.date.values[0:Span_Date+1:30],rotation=0,fontsize=9)
else:
df_temp=df.loc[Num_Date-Span_Date:Num_Date,:]
colors = cm.Spectral_r(df_temp.price / float(max(df_temp.price)))
plt.bar(df_temp.date.values[:-2],df_temp.price.values[:-2],color=colors[:-2],width=1.5,align="center",zorder=1)
plt.plot(df_temp.date[:-2], df_temp.price[:-2], color='k',zorder=2)
plt.scatter(df_temp.date.values[-4], df_temp.price.values[-4], color='white',s=150,edgecolor ='k',linewidth=2,zorder=3)
plt.text(df_temp.date.values[-1], df_temp.price.values[-1]*1.18,s=np.round(df_temp.price.values[-1],1),
size=10,ha='center', va='top')
plt.ylim(0, df_temp.price.max()*1.68)
plt.xlim(df_temp.date.values[0], df_temp.date.values[-1])
plt.xticks(ticks=df_temp.date.values[0:Span_Date+1:30],labels=df_temp.date.values[0:Span_Date+1:30],rotation=0,fontsize=9)
plt.margins(x=0.2)
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none') # 设置上‘脊梁’为红色
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none') # 设置上‘脊梁’为无色
ax.spines['left'].set_color('none') # 设置上‘脊梁’为无色
plt.grid(axis="y",c=(217/256,217/256,217/256),linewidth=1) #设置网格线
plt.text(0.01, 0.95,"BTC平均价格($)",transform=ax.transAxes, size=10, weight='light', ha='left')
ax.text(-0.07, 1.03, '2013年到2021年的比特币BTC价格变化情况',transform=ax.transAxes, size=17, weight='light', ha='left')
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6,4), dpi=100)
plt.subplots_adjust(top=1,bottom=0.1,left=0.1,right=0.9,hspace=0,wspace=0)
draw_areachart(150)
import matplotlib.animation as animation
from IPython.display import HTML
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6,4), dpi=100)
plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.12, right=0.98, top=0.85, bottom=0.1,hspace=0,wspace=0)
animator = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, draw_areachart, frames=np.arange(0,df.shape[0],1),interval=100)
HTML(animator.to_jshtml())
fig 表示绘制动图的画布名称(figure);
func为自定义绘图函数,如draw_barchart()函数;
frames为动画长度,一次循环包含的帧数,在函数运行时,其值会传递给函数draw_barchart (year)的形参“year”;
init_func为自定义开始帧可省略;
interval表示更新频率,计量单位为ms;
blit表示选择更新所有点,还是仅更新产生变化的点,应选择为True,但mac电脑用户应选择False,否则无法显示。
编辑:黄继彦
校对:林亦霖
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