Spring Boot + MDC 实现全链路调用日志跟踪,这才叫优雅!
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·
2022-02-22 08:36
作者:何甜甜在吗
来源: juejin.cn/post/6844904101483020295
之前有一篇文章简单的介绍过MDC,这次结合具体的案例、生产中的具体问题深入了解一下MDC。
MDC 介绍
1、简介:
2、API说明:
clear() :移除所有MDC get (String key) :获取当前线程MDC中指定key的值 getContext() :获取当前线程MDC的MDC put(String key, Object o) :往当前线程的MDC中存入指定的键值对 remove(String key) :删除当前线程MDC中指定的键值对
3、优点:
代码简洁,日志风格统一,不需要在log打印中手动拼写traceId,即LOGGER.info("traceId:{} ", traceId)。
MDC 使用
1、添加拦截器
public class LogInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
//如果有上层调用就用上层的ID
String traceId = request.getHeader(Constants.TRACE_ID);
if (traceId == null) {
traceId = TraceIdUtil.getTraceId();
}
MDC.put(Constants.TRACE_ID, traceId);
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)
throws Exception {
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
throws Exception {
//调用结束后删除
MDC.remove(Constants.TRACE_ID);
}
}
2、修改日志格式
"pattern">[TRACEID:%X{traceId}] %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level %class{-1}.%M()/%L - %msg%xEx%n
重点是 %X{traceId},traceId 和MDC中的键名称一致
简单使用就这么容易,但是在有些情况下traceId将获取不到。
MDC 存在的问题
子线程中打印日志丢失traceId HTTP调用丢失traceId
丢失traceId的情况,来一个再解决一个,绝不提前优化。
解决 MDC 存在的问题
子线程日志打印丢失traceId
子线程在打印日志的过程中traceId将丢失,解决方式为重写线程池,对于直接new创建线程的情况不考略【实际应用中应该避免这种用法】,重写线程池无非是对任务进行一次封装。
线程池封装类:ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper.java
public class ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper extends ThreadPoolExecutor {
public ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue workQueue) {
super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue);
}
public ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue workQueue, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue, threadFactory);
}
public ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue workQueue, RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue, handler);
}
public ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue workQueue, ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue, threadFactory, handler);
}
@Override
public void execute(Runnable task) {
super.execute(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));
}
@Override
public Future submit(Runnable task, T result) {
return super.submit(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()), result);
}
@Override
public Future submit(Callable task) {
return super.submit(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));
}
@Override
public Future> submit(Runnable task) {
return super.submit(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));
}
}
线程traceId封装工具类:ThreadMdcUtil.java
public class ThreadMdcUtil {
public static void setTraceIdIfAbsent() {
if (MDC.get(Constants.TRACE_ID) == null) {
MDC.put(Constants.TRACE_ID, TraceIdUtil.getTraceId());
}
}
public static Callable wrap(final Callable callable, final Map context) {
return () -> {
if (context == null) {
MDC.clear();
} else {
MDC.setContextMap(context);
}
setTraceIdIfAbsent();
try {
return callable.call();
} finally {
MDC.clear();
}
};
}
public static Runnable wrap(final Runnable runnable, final Map context) {
return () -> {
if (context == null) {
MDC.clear();
} else {
MDC.setContextMap(context);
}
setTraceIdIfAbsent();
try {
runnable.run();
} finally {
MDC.clear();
}
};
}
}
public static Runnable wrap(final Runnable runnable, final Map context) {
return new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
if (context == null) {
MDC.clear();
} else {
MDC.setContextMap(context);
}
setTraceIdIfAbsent();
try {
runnable.run();
} finally {
MDC.clear();
}
}
};
}
重新返回的是包装后的Runnable,在该任务执行之前【runnable.run()】先将主线程的Map设置到当前线程中【 即MDC.setContextMap(context)】,这样子线程和主线程MDC对应的Map就是一样的了。
HTTP调用丢失traceId
在使用HTTP调用第三方服务接口时traceId将丢失,需要对HTTP调用工具进行改造,在发送时在request header中添加traceId,在下层被调用方添加拦截器获取header中的traceId添加到MDC中。
HTTP调用有多种方式,比较常见的有HttpClient、OKHttp、RestTemplate,所以只给出这几种HTTP调用的解决方式。
1、HttpClient:
实现HttpClient拦截器:
public class HttpClientTraceIdInterceptor implements HttpRequestInterceptor {
@Override
public void process(HttpRequest httpRequest, HttpContext httpContext) throws HttpException, IOException {
String traceId = MDC.get(Constants.TRACE_ID);
//当前线程调用中有traceId,则将该traceId进行透传
if (traceId != null) {
//添加请求体
httpRequest.addHeader(Constants.TRACE_ID, traceId);
}
}
}
实现HttpRequestInterceptor接口并重写process方法。
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如果调用线程中含有traceId,则需要将获取到的traceId通过request中的header向下透传下去。
为HttpClient添加拦截器:
private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create()
.addInterceptorFirst(new HttpClientTraceIdInterceptor())
.build();
通过addInterceptorFirst方法为HttpClient添加拦截器。
2、OKHttp:
实现OKHttp拦截器:
public class OkHttpTraceIdInterceptor implements Interceptor {
@Override
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
String traceId = MDC.get(Constants.TRACE_ID);
Request request = null;
if (traceId != null) {
//添加请求体
request = chain.request().newBuilder().addHeader(Constants.TRACE_ID, traceId).build();
}
Response originResponse = chain.proceed(request);
return originResponse;
}
}
实现 Interceptor拦截器,重写interceptor方法,实现逻辑和HttpClient差不多,如果能够获取到当前线程的traceId则向下透传。
为OkHttp添加拦截器:
private static OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.addNetworkInterceptor(new OkHttpTraceIdInterceptor())
.build();
调用addNetworkInterceptor方法添加拦截器。
3、RestTemplate:
实现RestTemplate拦截器:
public class RestTemplateTraceIdInterceptor implements ClientHttpRequestInterceptor {
@Override
public ClientHttpResponse intercept(HttpRequest httpRequest, byte[] bytes, ClientHttpRequestExecution clientHttpRequestExecution) throws IOException {
String traceId = MDC.get(Constants.TRACE_ID);
if (traceId != null) {
httpRequest.getHeaders().add(Constants.TRACE_ID, traceId);
}
return clientHttpRequestExecution.execute(httpRequest, bytes);
}
}
实现ClientHttpRequestInterceptor接口,并重写intercept方法,其余逻辑都是一样的不重复说明。
为RestTemplate添加拦截器:
restTemplate.setInterceptors(Arrays.asList(new RestTemplateTraceIdInterceptor()));
调用setInterceptors方法添加拦截器。
4、第三方服务拦截器:
HTTP调用第三方服务接口全流程traceId需要第三方服务配合,第三方服务需要添加拦截器拿到request header中的traceId并添加到MDC中。
public class LogInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
//如果有上层调用就用上层的ID
String traceId = request.getHeader(Constants.TRACE_ID);
if (traceId == null) {
traceId = TraceIdUtils.getTraceId();
}
MDC.put("traceId", traceId);
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)
throws Exception {
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
throws Exception {
MDC.remove(Constants.TRACE_ID);
}
}
说明:
先从request header中获取traceId 从request header中获取不到traceId则说明不是第三方调用,直接生成一个新的traceId 将生成的traceId存入MDC中
除了需要添加拦截器之外,还需要在日志格式中添加traceId的打印,如下:
"pattern">[TRACEID:%X{traceId}] %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level %class{-1}.%M()/%L - %msg%xEx%n
注意:需要添加 %X{traceId}