搞清楚怎样基于 Webpack5 从 0 搭建 React开发环境-超详细
文末送《React Node.js开发实战：从入门到项目上线》书籍
希望你坚持看完并带走彩蛋
作者：刘江
原文地址：https://juejin.cn/post/6929496472232656909
初始化
创建文件夹并进入：
$ mkdir tristana && cd tristana
初始化 package.json
$ npm init
安装 Webpack
$ npm install webpack webpack-cli --save-dev
创建以下目录结构、文件和内容：
project
tristana
|- package.json
|- /dist
|- index.html
|- /script
|- webpack.config.js
|- index.html
|- /src
|- index.js
src/index.js
document.getElementById("root").append("React");
index.html && dist/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>tristana</title>
</head>
<body>
<script src="../src/index.js"></script>
<div id="root"></div>
</body>
</html>
script/webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
mode: "development",
entry: "./src/index.js",
};
package.json
{
// ...
"scripts": {
"build": "webpack --mode=development --config script/webpack.config.js"
},
}
然后根目录终端输入：npm run build
在浏览器中打开 dist 目录下的 index.html，如果一切正常，你应该能看到以下文本：'React'
index.html 目前放在 dist 目录下，但它是手动创建的，下面会教你如何生成 index.html 而非手动编辑它。
Webpack 核心功能
Babel
$ npm install @babel/cli @babel/core babel-loader @babel/preset-env --save-dev
script/webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
// ...
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
loader: "babel-loader",
exclude: /node_modules/,
},
],
},
};
.babelrc
在根目录下添加 .babelrc 文件：
{
"presets": ["@babel/preset-env", "@babel/preset-react"]
}
样式
$ npm install style-loader css-loader less less-loader --save-dev
script/webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
// ...
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.(css|less)$/,
use: [
{
loader: "style-loader",
},
{
loader: "css-loader",
options: {
importLoaders: 1,
},
},
{
loader: "less-loader",
lessOptions: {
javascriptEnabled: true,
},
},
],
},
],
},
};
图片字体
$ npm install file-loader --save-dev
script/webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
// ...
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.(png|svg|jpg|gif|jpeg)$/,
loader: 'file-loader'
},
{
test: /\.(woff|woff2|eot|ttf|otf)$/,
loader: 'file-loader'
}
],
},
};
HTML
$ npm install html-webpack-plugin --save-dev
script/webpack.config.js
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
module.exports = {
// ...
plugins: {
html: new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
title: 'tristana',
template: 'public/index.html'
}),
}
};
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>tristana</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root"></div>
</body>
</html>
开发服务
$ npm install webpack-dev-server --save-dev
script/webpack.config.js
const path = require("path");
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
module.exports = {
// ...
devServer: {
contentBase: path.resolve(__dirname, "dist"),
hot: true,
historyApiFallback: true,
compress: true,
},
};
package.json
{
// ...
"scripts": {
"start": "webpack serve --mode=development --config script/webpack.config.js"
},
// ...
}
清理 dist
$ npm install clean-webpack-plugin --save-dev
script/webpack.config.js
const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require('clean-webpack-plugin');
module.exports = {
// ...
plugins: {
new CleanWebpackPlugin()
}
};
Tips
由于 webpack 使用的是^5.21.2 版本，在使用该插件时，会提示clean-webpack-plugin: options.output.path not defined. Plugin disabled...，暂时还未解决。
环境变量
$ npm install cross-env --save-dev
package.json
{
// ...
"scripts": {
"start": "cross-env ENV_LWD=development webpack serve --mode=development --config script/webpack.config.js",
"build": "cross-env ENV_LWD=production webpack --mode=production --config script/webpack.config.js"
},
// ...
}
.jsx 文件
安装依赖
$ npm install @babel/preset-react react react-dom --save-dev
.babelrc
{
"presets": ["@babel/preset-env", "@babel/preset-react"]
}
src/App.jsx
在 src 目录下，新增 App.jsx 文件：
import React, { Component } from "react";
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<h1> Hello, World! </h1>
</div>
);
}
}
export default App;
src/index.js
import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import App from "./App.jsx";
ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById("root"));
React Router
安装依赖
$ npm install react-router history --save
src/index.js
import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import { Router, Route, Link } from "react-router";
import { createBrowserHistory } from "history";
import App from "./App.jsx";
const About = () => {
return <>About</>;
};
ReactDOM.render(
<Router history={createBrowserHistory()}>
<Route path="/" component={App} />
<Route path="/about" component={About} />
</Router>,
document.getElementById("root")
);
MobX
安装依赖
$ npm install mobx mobx-react babel-preset-mobx --save
.babelrc
{
"presets": ["@babel/preset-env", "@babel/preset-react", "mobx"]
}
src/store.js
在 src 目录下新建 store.js
import { observable, action, makeObservable } from "mobx";
class Store {
constructor() {
makeObservable(this);
}
@observable
count = 0;
@action("add")
add = () => {
this.count = this.count + 1;
};
@action("reduce")
reduce = () => {
this.count = this.count - 1;
};
}
export default new Store();
index.js
import { Provider } from "mobx-react";
import Store from "./store";
// ...
ReactDOM.render(
<Provider store={Store}>
<Router history={createBrowserHistory()}>
<Route path="/" component={App} />
<Route path="/about" component={About} />
</Router>
</Provider>,
document.getElementById("root")
);
src/App.jsx
import React, { Component } from "react";
import { observer, inject } from "mobx-react";
@inject("store")
@observer
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<div>{this.props.store.count}</div>
<button onClick={this.props.store.add}>add</button>
<button onClick={this.props.store.reduce}>reduce</button>
</div>
);
}
}
export default App;
Ant Design
安装依赖
$ npm install antd babel-plugin-import --save
.babelrc
{
// ...
"plugins": [
[
"import",
{
"libraryName": "antd",
"libraryDirectory": "es",
"style": true
}
]
]
}
src/App.jsx
// ...
import { DatePicker } from "antd";
import "antd/dist/antd.css";
@inject("store")
@observer
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<DatePicker />
</div>
);
}
}
export default App;
TypeScript
安装依赖
$ npm install typescript @babel/preset-typescript --save-dev
.babelrc
{
"presets": [
// ...
"@babel/preset-typescript"
]
}
tsconfig.json
在根目录下，新增 tsconfig.json 文件：
{
"compilerOptions": {
"emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
"experimentalDecorators": true,
"target": "ES5",
"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
"strict": true,
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
"allowJs": true,
"outDir": "./dist/",
"esModuleInterop": true,
"noImplicitAny": false,
"sourceMap": true,
"module": "esnext",
"moduleResolution": "node",
"isolatedModules": true,
"importHelpers": true,
"lib": ["esnext", "dom", "dom.iterable"],
"skipLibCheck": true,
"jsx": "react",
"typeRoots": ["node", "node_modules/@types"],
"rootDirs": ["./src"],
"baseUrl": "./src"
},
"include": ["./src/**/*"],
"exclude": ["node_modules"]
}
src/App.jsx
更换文件后缀 App.jsx -> App.tsx
import React, { Component } from "react";
import { observer, inject } from "mobx-react";
import { DatePicker } from "antd";
import "antd/dist/antd.css";
@inject("store")
@observer
class App extends Component {
props: any;
render() {
return (
<div>
<DatePicker />
<div>{this.props.store.count}</div>
<button onClick={this.props.store.add}>add</button>
<button onClick={this.props.store.reduce}>reduce</button>
</div>
);
}
}
export default App;
代码规范
代码校验、代码格式化、Git 提交前校验、Vscode配置、编译校验
ESLint
安装依赖
$ npm install @typescript-eslint/parser eslint eslint-plugin-standard @typescript-eslint/parser @typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin eslint-plugin-promise --save-dev
.eslintrc.js
在根目录下，新增 .eslintrc.js 文件：
module.exports = {
extends: ["eslint:recommended", "plugin:react/recommended"],
env: {
browser: true,
commonjs: true,
es6: true,
},
globals: {
$: true,
process: true,
__dirname: true,
},
parser: "@typescript-eslint/parser",
parserOptions: {
ecmaFeatures: {
jsx: true,
modules: true,
},
sourceType: "module",
ecmaVersion: 6,
},
plugins: ["react", "standard", "promise", "@typescript-eslint"],
settings: {
"import/ignore": ["node_modules"],
react: {
version: "latest",
},
},
rules: {
quotes: [2, "single"],
"no-console": 0,
"no-debugger": 1,
"no-var": 1,
semi: ["error", "always"],
"no-irregular-whitespace": 0,
"no-trailing-spaces": 1,
"eol-last": 0,
"no-unused-vars": [
1,
{
vars: "all",
args: "after-used",
},
],
"no-case-declarations": 0,
"no-underscore-dangle": 0,
"no-alert": 2,
"no-lone-blocks": 0,
"no-class-assign": 2,
"no-cond-assign": 2,
"no-const-assign": 2,
"no-delete-var": 2,
"no-dupe-keys": 2,
"use-isnan": 2,
"no-duplicate-case": 2,
"no-dupe-args": 2,
"no-empty": 2,
"no-func-assign": 2,
"no-invalid-this": 0,
"no-redeclare": 2,
"no-spaced-func": 2,
"no-this-before-super": 0,
"no-undef": 2,
"no-return-assign": 0,
"no-script-url": 2,
"no-use-before-define": 2,
"no-extra-boolean-cast": 0,
"no-unreachable": 1,
"comma-dangle": 2,
"no-mixed-spaces-and-tabs": 2,
"prefer-arrow-callback": 0,
"arrow-parens": 0,
"arrow-spacing": 0,
camelcase: 0,
"jsx-quotes": [1, "prefer-double"],
"react/display-name": 0,
"react/forbid-prop-types": [
2,
{
forbid: ["any"],
},
],
"react/jsx-boolean-value": 0,
"react/jsx-closing-bracket-location": 1,
"react/jsx-curly-spacing": [
2,
{
when: "never",
children: true,
},
],
"react/jsx-indent": ["error", 4],
"react/jsx-key": 2,
"react/jsx-no-bind": 0,
"react/jsx-no-duplicate-props": 2,
"react/jsx-no-literals": 0,
"react/jsx-no-undef": 1,
"react/jsx-pascal-case": 0,
"react/jsx-sort-props": 0,
"react/jsx-uses-react": 1,
"react/jsx-uses-vars": 2,
"react/no-danger": 0,
"react/no-did-mount-set-state": 0,
"react/no-did-update-set-state": 0,
"react/no-direct-mutation-state": 2,
"react/no-multi-comp": 0,
"react/no-set-state": 0,
"react/no-unknown-property": 2,
"react/prefer-es6-class": 2,
"react/prop-types": 0,
"react/react-in-jsx-scope": 2,
"react/self-closing-comp": 0,
"react/sort-comp": 0,
"react/no-array-index-key": 0,
"react/no-deprecated": 1,
"react/jsx-equals-spacing": 2,
},
};
.eslintignore
在根目录下，新增 .eslintignore 文件：
src/assets
.vscode
在根目录下新增 .vscode 文件夹，然后新增 .vscode/settings.json
{
"eslint.validate": [
"javascript",
"javascriptreact",
"typescript",
"typescriptreact"
]
}
Perttier
安装依赖
$ npm install prettier --save-dev
prettier.config.js
在根目录下，新增 prettier.config.js 文件：
module.exports = {
// 一行最多 100 字符
printWidth: 100,
// 使用 4 个空格缩进
tabWidth: 4,
// 不使用缩进符，而使用空格
useTabs: false,
// 行尾需要有分号
semi: true,
// 使用单引号
singleQuote: true,
// 对象的 key 仅在必要时用引号
quoteProps: 'as-needed',
// jsx 不使用单引号，而使用双引号
jsxSingleQuote: false,
// 末尾不需要逗号
trailingComma: 'none',
// 大括号内的首尾需要空格
bracketSpacing: true,
// jsx 标签的反尖括号需要换行
jsxBracketSameLine: false,
// 箭头函数，只有一个参数的时候，也需要括号
arrowParens: 'avoid',
// 每个文件格式化的范围是文件的全部内容
rangeStart: 0,
rangeEnd: Infinity,
// 不需要写文件开头的 @prettier
requirePragma: false,
// 不需要自动在文件开头插入 @prettier
insertPragma: false,
// 使用默认的折行标准
proseWrap: 'preserve',
// 根据显示样式决定 html 要不要折行
htmlWhitespaceSensitivity: 'css',
// 换行符使用 lf
endOfLine: 'lf'
};
stylelint
安装依赖
$ npm install stylelint stylelint-config-standard stylelint-config-prettier --save-dev
stylelint.config.js
在根目录下，新增 stylelint.config.js 文件：
module.exports = {
extends: ['stylelint-config-standard', 'stylelint-config-prettier'],
ignoreFiles: [
'**/*.ts',
'**/*.tsx',
'**/*.png',
'**/*.jpg',
'**/*.jpeg',
'**/*.gif',
'**/*.mp3',
'**/*.json'
],
rules: {
'at-rule-no-unknown': [
true,
{
ignoreAtRules: ['extends', 'ignores']
}
],
indentation: 4,
'number-leading-zero': null,
'unit-allowed-list': ['em', 'rem', 's', 'px', 'deg', 'all', 'vh', '%'],
'no-eol-whitespace': [
true,
{
ignore: 'empty-lines'
}
],
'declaration-block-trailing-semicolon': 'always',
'selector-pseudo-class-no-unknown': [
true,
{
ignorePseudoClasses: ['global']
}
],
'block-closing-brace-newline-after': 'always',
'declaration-block-semicolon-newline-after': 'always',
'no-descending-specificity': null,
'selector-list-comma-newline-after': 'always',
'selector-pseudo-element-colon-notation': 'single'
}
};
lint-staged、pre-commit
安装依赖
$ npm install lint-staged prettier eslint pre-commit --save-dev
package.json
{
// ...
"scripts": {
"lint:tsx": "eslint --ext .tsx src && eslint --ext .ts src",
"lint:css": "stylelint --aei .less .css src",
"precommit": "lint-staged",
"precommit-msg": "echo 'Pre-commit checks...' && exit 0"
},
"pre-commit": [
"precommit",
"precommit-msg"
],
"lint-staged": {
"*.{js,jsx,ts,tsx}": [
"eslint --fix",
"prettier --write",
"git add"
],
"*.{css,less}": [
"stylelint --fix",
"prettier --write",
"git add"
]
}
}
eslint-webpack-plugin
安装依赖
$ npm install eslint-webpack-plugin --save-dev
script/webpack.config.js
const ESLintPlugin = require('eslint-webpack-plugin');
module.exports = {
// ...
plugins: [new ESLintPlugin()],
};
总结
搭建这个的过程，也是遇到了不少坑，收获也是蛮多的，希望这个教程能够帮助更多的同学，少采点坑，完整的 React 开发环境可以看这个tristana，求点赞，求关注！
福利时间
最后，我又来给大家送福利了，这么好的书不送几本给大家怎么行呢？
《React Node.js开发实战：从入门到项目上线》共10章，分为4篇。
第1篇“React和Node.js基础”，主要介绍开发环境的搭建、常用开发工具的使用，以及React与Node.js开发基础知识；
第2篇“打包部署和项目开发实战”，主要介绍构建与部署工具Webpack、Nginx和PM2的相关知识，并重点介绍如何使用React Node.js开发单页面评论系统项目案例；
第3篇“React和Node.js进阶”，主要介绍React与Node.js开发进阶知识，并重点介绍如何使用React Node.js开发社区项目案例；
第4篇“项目优化和服务端渲染”，主要介绍前后端项目优化的常用技巧，以提升系统的性能、用户体验和可靠性，并介绍SPA面临的服务端渲染问题及其解决方法，涉及Next.js与SEO等技术。
这次准备了2种方式抽奖，「评论、在看」这两种方式都可以参与！感谢亲爱的读者们，你们的支持也是我持续更文最大的动力。
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《React Node.js开发实战：从入门到项目上线》
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