微软开源的浏览器自动化工具-Playwright-技术圈

软开源了一个 Python 项目：Playwright，从此又多了一个浏览器自动化工具。之前一直用 selenium 或 splinter。

Playwright 可通过单个 API 自动执行 Chromium，Firefox 和 WebKit浏览器，支持无头浏览器（headless），Linux、macOS、Windows 下均可以使用，Playwright提供的自动化技术是绿色的，功能强大，稳定且速度快。

Playwright 最吸引我的地方在于它可以自己记录你对浏览器的操作，并将这些操作生成可以执行的代码，这简直就是神器，大大提升了浏览器自动化的效率。生成代码只需要执行

python -m playwright codegen

此外，它不像 selenium 需要再单独安装浏览器驱动，它在 pip install 时就会安装浏览器的驱动文件。

pip install playwrightpython -m playwright install

这将会安装 Playwright 和 Chromium，Firefox 和 WebKit 浏览器的二进制文件，非常方便，需要 Python 3.7 及以上版本。

还有几个亮眼的功能：

1、Playwright同时提供同步（阻止）API和异步API。

它们在功能方面是相同的，只是在使用API的方式上有所不同。

同步：

from playwright import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:    for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:        browser = browser_type.launch()        page = browser.newPage()        page.goto('http://whatsmyuseragent.org/')        page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')        browser.close()

异步：

import asynciofrom playwright import async_playwright
async def main():    async with async_playwright() as p:        for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:            browser = await browser_type.launch()            page = await browser.newPage()            await page.goto('http://whatsmyuseragent.org/')            await page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')            await browser.close()
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())

2、集成 pytest 测试：

def test_playwright_is_visible_on_google(page):    page.goto("https://www.google.com")    page.type("input[name=q]", "Playwright GitHub")    page.click("input[type=submit]")    page.waitForSelector("text=microsoft/Playwright")

3、交互模式运行：

>>> from playwright import sync_playwright>>> playwright = sync_playwright().start()
# Use playwright.chromium, playwright.firefox or playwright.webkit# Pass headless=False to see the browser UI>>> browser = playwright.chromium.launch()>>> page = browser.newPage()>>> page.goto("http://whatsmyuseragent.org/")>>> page.screenshot(path="example.png")>>> browser.close()>>> playwright.stop(

4、执行 JS 代码：

from playwright import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:    browser = p.firefox.launch()    page = browser.newPage()    page.goto('https://www.example.com/')    dimensions = page.evaluate('''() => {      return {        width: document.documentElement.clientWidth,        height: document.documentElement.clientHeight,        deviceScaleFactor: window.devicePixelRatio      }    }''')    print(dimensions)    browser.close()

5、中断网络请求：

from playwright import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:    browser = p.chromium.launch()    page = browser.newPage()
    def log_and_continue_request(route, request):      print(request.url)      route.continue_()
    # Log and continue all network requests    page.route('**', lambda route, request: log_and_continue_request(route, request))
    page.goto('http://todomvc.com')    browser.close()

官方文档暂时还是 Node.js 版本，不过正在转换成 Python 版本，API的调用方式相当一致，现在看 Node.js 版本的文档来编码也是无障碍的。

官方文档：https://playwright.dev/

GitHub 仓库：https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-python