17 个实用 shell 脚本，建议收藏！
作者：民工哥
来源：SegmentFault 思否社区
1、服务器系统配置初始化
#/bin/bash
# 安装系统性能分析工具及其他
yum install gcc make autoconf vim sysstat net-tools iostat iftop iotp wget lrzsz lsof unzip openssh-clients net-tool vim ntpdate -y
# 设置时区并同步时间
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
if ! crontab -l |grep ntpdate &>/dev/null ; then
(echo "* 1 * * * ntpdate time.windows.com >/dev/null 2>&1";crontab -l) |crontab
fi
# 禁用selinux
sed -i '/SELINUX/{s/permissive/disabled/}' /etc/selinux/config
# 关闭防火墙
if egrep "7.[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
elif egrep "6.[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then
service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off
fi
# 历史命令显示操作时间
if ! grep HISTTIMEFORMAT /etc/bashrc; then
echo 'export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S `whoami` "' >> /etc/bashrc
fi
# SSH超时时间
if ! grep "TMOUT=600" /etc/profile &>/dev/null; then
echo "export TMOUT=600" >> /etc/profile
fi
# 禁止root远程登录 切记给系统添加普通用户，给su到root的权限
sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 禁止定时任务向发送邮件
sed -i 's/^MAILTO=root/MAILTO=""/' /etc/crontab
# 设置最大打开文件数
if ! grep "* soft nofile 65535" /etc/security/limits.conf &>/dev/null; then
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
EOF
fi
# 系统内核优化
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 20480
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 20480
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20
EOF
# 减少SWAP使用
echo "0" > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
2、批量创建多个用户并设置密码
#!/bin/bash
USER_LIST=$@
USER_FILE=./user.info
for USER in $USER_LIST;do
if ! id $USER &>/dev/null; then
PASS=$(echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8)
useradd $USER
echo $PASS | passwd --stdin $USER &>/dev/null
echo "$USER $PASS" >> $USER_FILE
echo "$USER User create successful."
else
echo "$USER User already exists!"
fi
done
3、一键查看服务器利用率
#!/bin/bash
function cpu(){
util=$(vmstat | awk '{if(NR==3)print $13+$14}')
iowait=$(vmstat | awk '{if(NR==3)print $16}')
echo "CPU -使用率：${util}% ,等待磁盘IO相应使用率：${iowait}:${iowait}%"
}
function memory (){
total=`free -m |awk '{if(NR==2)printf "%.1f",$2/1024}'`
used=`free -m |awk '{if(NR==2) printf "%.1f",($2-$NF)/1024}'`
available=`free -m |awk '{if(NR==2) printf "%.1f",$NF/1024}'`
echo "内存 - 总大小: ${total}G , 使用: ${used}G , 剩余: ${available}G"
}
disk(){
fs=$(df -h |awk '/^\/dev/{print $1}')
for p in $fs; do
mounted=$(df -h |awk '$1=="'$p'"{print $NF}')
size=$(df -h |awk '$1=="'$p'"{print $2}')
used=$(df -h |awk '$1=="'$p'"{print $3}')
used_percent=$(df -h |awk '$1=="'$p'"{print $5}')
echo "硬盘 - 挂载点: $mounted , 总大小: $size , 使用: $used , 使用率: $used_percent"
done
}
function tcp_status() {
summary=$(ss -antp |awk '{status[$1]++}END{for(i in status) printf i":"status[i]" "}')
echo "TCP连接状态 - $summary"
}
cpu
memory
disk
tcp_status
4、找出占用CPU 内存过高的进程
#!/bin/bash
echo "-------------------CUP占用前10排序--------------------------------"
ps -eo user,pid,pcpu,pmem,args --sort=-pcpu |head -n 10
echo "-------------------内存占用前10排序--------------------------------"
ps -eo user,pid,pcpu,pmem,args --sort=-pmem |head -n 10
5、查看网卡的实时流量
#!/bin/bash
eth0=$1
echo -e "流量进入--流量传出 "
while true; do
old_in=$(cat /proc/net/dev |grep $eth0 |awk '{print $2}')
old_out=$(cat /proc/net/dev |grep $eth0 |awk '{print $10}')
sleep 1
new_in=$(cat /proc/net/dev |grep $eth0 |awk '{print $2}')
new_out=$(cat /proc/net/dev |grep $eth0 |awk '{print $10}')
in=$(printf "%.1f%s" "$((($new_in-$old_in)/1024))" "KB/s")
out=$(printf "%.1f%s" "$((($new_out-$old_out)/1024))" "KB/s")
echo "$in $out"
done
6、监控多台服务器磁盘利用率脚本
#!/bin/bash
HOST_INFO=host.info
for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $HOST_INFO); do
#取出用户名和端口
USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)
PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)
#创建临时文件，保存信息
TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp
#通过公钥登录获取主机磁盘信息
ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP 'df -h' > $TMP_FILE
#分析磁盘占用空间
USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^\/dev/{print $NF,int($5)}' $TMP_FILE)
#循环磁盘列表，进行判断
for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do
#取出等号（=）右边的值 挂载点名称
PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*}
#取出等号（=）左边的值 磁盘利用率
USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=}
#进行判断
if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then
echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"
echo "服务器$IP的磁盘空间占用过高，请及时处理" | mail -s "空间不足警告" 你的qq@qq.com
else
echo "服务器$IP的$PART_NAME目录空间良好"
fi
done
done
7、批量检测网站是否异常并邮件通知
#!/bin/bash
URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.ctnrs.com www.der-matech.net.cn www.der-matech.com.cn www.der-matech.cn www.der-matech.top www.der-matech.org"
for URL in $URL_LIST; do
FAIL_COUNT=0
for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do
HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; then
echo "$URL OK"
break
else
echo "$URL retry $FAIL_COUNT"
let FAIL_COUNT++
fi
done
if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
echo "网站$URL坏掉，请及时处理" | mail -s "$URL网站高危" 1794748404@qq.com
fi
done
8、批量主机远程执行命令脚本
#!/bin/bash
COMMAND=$*
HOST_INFO=host.info
for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $HOST_INFO); do
USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)
PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)
PASS=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $4}' $HOST_INFO)
expect -c "
spawn ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP
expect {
\"(yes/no)\" {send \"yes\r\"; exp_continue}
\"password:\" {send \"$PASS\r\"; exp_continue}
\"$USER@*\" {send \"$COMMAND\r exit\r\"; exp_continue}
}
"
echo "-------------------"
done
9、一键部署LNMP网站平台脚本
#!/bin/bash
NGINX_V=1.15.6
PHP_V=5.6.36
TMP_DIR=/tmp
INSTALL_DIR=/usr/local
PWD_C=$PWD
echo
echo -e "\tMenu\n"
echo -e "1. Install Nginx"
echo -e "2. Install PHP"
echo -e "3. Install MySQL"
echo -e "4. Deploy LNMP"
echo -e "9. Quit"
function command_status_check() {
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo $1
exit
fi
}
function install_nginx() {
cd $TMP_DIR
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make openssl-devel pcre-devel wget
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-${NGINX_V}.tar.gz
tar zxf nginx-${NGINX_V}.tar.gz
cd nginx-${NGINX_V}
./configure --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR/nginx \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-stream
command_status_check "Nginx - 平台环境检查失败！"
make -j 4
command_status_check "Nginx - 编译失败！"
make install
command_status_check "Nginx - 安装失败！"
mkdir -p $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/conf/vhost
alias cp=cp ; cp -rf $PWD_C/nginx.conf $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/conf
rm -rf $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/html/*
echo "ok" > $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/html/status.html
echo '' > $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/html/status.php
$INSTALL_DIR/nginx/sbin/nginx
command_status_check "Nginx - 启动失败！"
}
function install_php() {
cd $TMP_DIR
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make gd-devel libxml2-devel \
libcurl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel \
libmcrypt-devel libxslt-devel libtidy-devel
wget http://docs.php.net/distributions/php-${PHP_V}.tar.gz
tar zxf php-${PHP_V}.tar.gz
cd php-${PHP_V}
./configure --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR/php \
--with-config-file-path=$INSTALL_DIR/php/etc \
--enable-fpm --enable-opcache \
--with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql \
--with-openssl --with-zlib --with-curl --with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir \
--enable-mbstring --enable-hash
command_status_check "PHP - 平台环境检查失败！"
make -j 4
command_status_check "PHP - 编译失败！"
make install
command_status_check "PHP - 安装失败！"
cp php.ini-production $INSTALL_DIR/php/etc/php.ini
cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf $INSTALL_DIR/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
command_status_check "PHP - 启动失败！"
}
read -p "请输入编号：" number
case $number in
1)
install_nginx;;
2)
install_php;;
3)
install_mysql;;
4)
install_nginx
install_php
;;
9)
exit;;
esac
10、监控MySQL主从同步状态是否异常脚本
#!/bin/bash
HOST=localhost
USER=root
PASSWD=123.com
IO_SQL_STATUS=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e 'show slave status\G' 2>/dev/null |awk '/Slave_.*_Running:/{print $1$2}')
for i in $IO_SQL_STATUS; do
THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:*}
THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:}
if [ "$THREAD_STATUS" != "Yes" ]; then
echo "Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is $THREAD_STATUS!" |mail -s "Master-Slave Staus" xxx@163.com
fi
done
11、MySql数据库备份脚本
分库备份
mysqldump -uroot -pxxx -B A > A.sql
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)
HOST=localhost
USER=backup
PASS=123.com
BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup
DB_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "show databases;" 2>/dev/null |egrep -v "Database|information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|sys")
for DB in $DB_LIST; do
BACKUP_NAME=$BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE}.sql
if ! mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -B $DB > $BACKUP_NAME 2>/dev/null; then
echo "$BACKUP_NAME 备份失败!"
fi
done
分表备份
mysqldump -uroot -pxxx -A t > t.sql
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)
HOST=localhost
USER=backup
PASS=123.com
BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup
DB_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "show databases;" 2>/dev/null |egrep -v "Database|information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|sys")
for DB in $DB_LIST; do
BACKUP_DB_DIR=$BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE}
[ ! -d $BACKUP_DB_DIR ] && mkdir -p $BACKUP_DB_DIR &>/dev/null
TABLE_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "use $DB;show tables;" 2>/dev/null)
for TABLE in $TABLE_LIST; do
BACKUP_NAME=$BACKUP_DB_DIR/${TABLE}.sql
if ! mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS $DB $TABLE > $BACKUP_NAME 2>/dev/null; then
echo "$BACKUP_NAME 备份失败!"
fi
done
done
12、Nginx访问日志分析
#!/bin/bash
# 日志格式: $remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"
LOG_FILE=$1
echo "统计访问最多的10个IP"
awk '{a[$1]++}END{print "UV:",length(a);for(v in a)print v,a[v]}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr |head -10
echo "----------------------"
echo "统计时间段访问最多的IP"
awk '$4>="[01/Dec/2018:13:20:25" && $4<="[27/Nov/2018:16:20:49"{a[$1]++}END{for(v in a)print v,a[v]}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr|head -10
echo "----------------------"
echo "统计访问最多的10个页面"
awk '{a[$7]++}END{print "PV:",length(a);for(v in a){if(a[v]>10)print v,a[v]}}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr
echo "----------------------"
echo "统计访问页面状态码数量"
awk '{a[$7" "$9]++}END{for(v in a){if(a[v]>5)print v,a[v]}}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k3 -nr
13、Nginx访问日志自动按天（周、月）切割
#!/bin/bash
#nginx日志目录
LOG_DIR=/www/server/nginx/logs
#获取到上一天的时间
YESTERDAY_TIME=$(date -d "yesterday" +%F)
#归档日志取时间
LOG_MONTH_DIR=$LOG_DIR/$(date +"%Y-%m")
#归档日志的名称
LOG_FILE_LIST="access.log"
for LOG_FILE in $LOG_FILE_LIST; do
[ ! -d $LOG_MONTH_DIR ] && mkdir -p $LOG_MONTH_DIR
mv $LOG_DIR/$LOG_FILE $LOG_MONTH_DIR/${LOG_FILE}_${YESTERDAY_TIME}
done
kill -USR1 $(cat $LOG_DIR/nginx.pid)
14、自动发布Java项目（Tomcat）
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F_%T)
TOMCAT_NAME=$1
TOMCAT_DIR=/usr/local/$TOMCAT_NAME
ROOT=$TOMCAT_DIR/webapps/ROOT
BACKUP_DIR=/data/backup
WORK_DIR=/tmp
PROJECT_NAME=tomcat-java-demo
# 拉取代码
cd $WORK_DIR
if [ ! -d $PROJECT_NAME ]; then
git clone https://github.com/lizhenliang/tomcat-java-demo
cd $PROJECT_NAME
else
cd $PROJECT_NAME
git pull
fi
# 构建
mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "maven build failure!"
exit 1
fi
# 部署
TOMCAT_PID=$(ps -ef |grep "$TOMCAT_NAME" |egrep -v "grep|$$" |awk 'NR==1{print $2}')
[ -n "$TOMCAT_PID" ] && kill -9 $TOMCAT_PID
[ -d $ROOT ] && mv $ROOT $BACKUP_DIR/${TOMCAT_NAME}_ROOT$DATE
unzip $WORK_DIR/$PROJECT_NAME/target/*.war -d $ROOT
$TOMCAT_DIR/bin/startup.sh
15、自动发布PHP项目
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F_%T)
WWWROOT=/usr/local/nginx/html/$1
BACKUP_DIR=/data/backup
WORK_DIR=/tmp
PROJECT_NAME=php-demo
# 拉取代码
cd $WORK_DIR
if [ ! -d $PROJECT_NAME ]; then
git clone https://github.com/lizhenliang/php-demo
cd $PROJECT_NAME
else
cd $PROJECT_NAME
git pull
fi
# 部署
if [ ! -d $WWWROOT ]; then
mkdir -p $WWWROOT
rsync -avz --exclude=.git $WORK_DIR/$PROJECT_NAME/* $WWWROOT
else
rsync -avz --exclude=.git $WORK_DIR/$PROJECT_NAME/* $WWWROOT
fi
16、DOS攻击防范（自动屏蔽攻击IP）
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M)
#nginx日志
LOG_FILE=/usr/local/nginx/logs/demo2.access.log
#分析ip的访问情况
ABNORMAL_IP=$(tail -n5000 $LOG_FILE |grep $DATE |awk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>10)print i}')
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
echo "$(date +'%F_%T') $IP" >> /tmp/drop_ip.log
fi
done
17、目录入侵检测与告警
#!/bin/bash
MON_DIR=/opt
inotifywait -mqr --format %f -e create $MON_DIR |\
while read files; do
#同步文件
rsync -avz /opt /tmp/opt
#检测文件是否被修改
#echo "$(date +'%F %T') create $files" | mail -s "dir monitor" xxx@163.com
done
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