如何将2万条数据快速导入到 MySQL？
Java学习之道
共 29278字，需浏览 59分钟
·
2022-05-13 21:58
作者: AresCa
来源: http://mtw.so/6oZGgK
参考: https://www.mmzsblog.cn
1一、前言
前两天做了一个导入的功能，导入开始的时候非常慢，导入2w条数据要1分多钟，后来一点一点的优化，从直接把list怼进Mysql中，到分配把list导入Mysql中，到多线程把list导入Mysql中。时间是一点一点的变少了。非常的爽，最后变成了10s以内。下面就展示一下过程。
2二、直接把list怼进Mysql
使用mybatis的批量导入操作：
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public int addFreshStudentsNew2(List<FreshStudentAndStudentModel> list, String schoolNo) {
if (list == null || list.isEmpty()) {
return 0;
}
List<StudentEntity> studentEntityList = new LinkedList<>();
List<EnrollStudentEntity> enrollStudentEntityList = new LinkedList<>();
List<AllusersEntity> allusersEntityList = new LinkedList<>();
for (FreshStudentAndStudentModel freshStudentAndStudentModel : list) {
EnrollStudentEntity enrollStudentEntity = new EnrollStudentEntity();
StudentEntity studentEntity = new StudentEntity();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(freshStudentAndStudentModel, studentEntity);
BeanUtils.copyProperties(freshStudentAndStudentModel, enrollStudentEntity);
String operator = TenancyContext.UserID.get();
String studentId = BaseUuidUtils.base58Uuid();
enrollStudentEntity.setId(BaseUuidUtils.base58Uuid());
enrollStudentEntity.setStudentId(studentId);
enrollStudentEntity.setIdentityCardId(freshStudentAndStudentModel.getIdCard());
enrollStudentEntity.setOperator(operator);
studentEntity.setId(studentId);
studentEntity.setIdentityCardId(freshStudentAndStudentModel.getIdCard());
studentEntity.setOperator(operator);
studentEntityList.add(studentEntity);
enrollStudentEntityList.add(enrollStudentEntity);
AllusersEntity allusersEntity = new AllusersEntity();
allusersEntity.setId(enrollStudentEntity.getId());
allusersEntity.setUserCode(enrollStudentEntity.getNemtCode());
allusersEntity.setUserName(enrollStudentEntity.getName());
allusersEntity.setSchoolNo(schoolNo);
allusersEntity.setTelNum(enrollStudentEntity.getTelNum());
allusersEntity.setPassword(enrollStudentEntity.getNemtCode()); //密码设置为考生号
allusersEntityList.add(allusersEntity);
}
enResult = enrollStudentDao.insertAll(enrollStudentEntityList);
stuResult = studentDao.insertAll(studentEntityList);
allResult = allusersFacade.insertUserList(allusersEntityList);
if (enResult > 0 && stuResult > 0 && allResult) {
return 10;
}
return -10;
}
Mapper.xml
<insert id="insertAll" parameterType="com.dmsdbj.itoo.basicInfo.entity.EnrollStudentEntity">
insert into tb_enroll_student
<trim prefix="(" suffix=")" suffixOverrides=",">
id,
remark,
nEMT_aspiration,
nEMT_code,
nEMT_score,
student_id,
identity_card_id,
level,
major,
name,
nation,
secondary_college,
operator,
sex,
is_delete,
account_address,
native_place,
original_place,
used_name,
pictrue,
join_party_date,
political_status,
tel_num,
is_registry,
graduate_school,
create_time,
update_time </trim>
values
<foreach collection="list" item="item" index="index" separator=",">
(
#{item.id,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.remark,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.nemtAspiration,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.nemtCode,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.nemtScore,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.studentId,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.identityCardId,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.level,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.major,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.name,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.nation,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.secondaryCollege,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.operator,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.sex,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
0,
#{item.accountAddress,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.nativePlace,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.originalPlace,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.usedName,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.pictrue,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.joinPartyDate,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.politicalStatus,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.telNum,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{item.isRegistry,jdbcType=TINYINT},
#{item.graduateSchool,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
now(),
now()
)
</foreach>
</insert>
代码说明：
底层的mapper是通过逆向工程来生成的，批量插入如下，是拼接成类似：insert into tb_enroll_student（）values （），（）…….（）；
这样的缺点是，数据库一般有一个默认的设置，就是每次sql操作的数据不能超过4M。这样插入，数据多的时候，数据库会报错Packet for query is too large (6071393 > 4194304). You can change this value on the server by setting the max_allowed_packet' variable.，虽然我们可以通过
类似 修改 my.ini 加上 max_allowed_packet =67108864其中67108864=64M而max_allowed_packet 默认大小 4194304 也就是4M
修改完成之后要重启mysql服务，如果通过命令行修改就不用重启mysql服务。
完成本次操作，但是我们不能保证项目单次最大的大小是多少，这样是有弊端的。所以可以考虑进行分组导入。
3三、分组把list导入Mysql中
同样适用mybatis批量插入，区别是对每次的导入进行分组计算，然后分多次进行导入：
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public int addFreshStudentsNew2(List<FreshStudentAndStudentModel> list, String schoolNo) {
if (list == null || list.isEmpty()) {
return 0;
}
List<StudentEntity> studentEntityList = new LinkedList<>();
List<EnrollStudentEntity> enrollStudentEntityList = new LinkedList<>();
List<AllusersEntity> allusersEntityList = new LinkedList<>();
for (FreshStudentAndStudentModel freshStudentAndStudentModel : list) {
EnrollStudentEntity enrollStudentEntity = new EnrollStudentEntity();
StudentEntity studentEntity = new StudentEntity();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(freshStudentAndStudentModel, studentEntity);
BeanUtils.copyProperties(freshStudentAndStudentModel, enrollStudentEntity);
String operator = TenancyContext.UserID.get();
String studentId = BaseUuidUtils.base58Uuid();
enrollStudentEntity.setId(BaseUuidUtils.base58Uuid());
enrollStudentEntity.setStudentId(studentId);
enrollStudentEntity.setIdentityCardId(freshStudentAndStudentModel.getIdCard());
enrollStudentEntity.setOperator(operator);
studentEntity.setId(studentId);
studentEntity.setIdentityCardId(freshStudentAndStudentModel.getIdCard());
studentEntity.setOperator(operator);
studentEntityList.add(studentEntity);
enrollStudentEntityList.add(enrollStudentEntity);
AllusersEntity allusersEntity = new AllusersEntity();
allusersEntity.setId(enrollStudentEntity.getId());
allusersEntity.setUserCode(enrollStudentEntity.getNemtCode());
allusersEntity.setUserName(enrollStudentEntity.getName());
allusersEntity.setSchoolNo(schoolNo);
allusersEntity.setTelNum(enrollStudentEntity.getTelNum());
allusersEntity.setPassword(enrollStudentEntity.getNemtCode()); //密码设置为考生号
allusersEntityList.add(allusersEntity);
}
int c = 100;
int b = enrollStudentEntityList.size() / c;
int d = enrollStudentEntityList.size() % c;
int enResult = 0;
int stuResult = 0;
boolean allResult = false;
for (int e = c; e <= c * b; e = e + c) {
enResult = enrollStudentDao.insertAll(enrollStudentEntityList.subList(e - c, e));
stuResult = studentDao.insertAll(studentEntityList.subList(e - c, e));
allResult = allusersFacade.insertUserList(allusersEntityList.subList(e - c, e));
}
if (d != 0) {
enResult = enrollStudentDao.insertAll(enrollStudentEntityList.subList(c * b, enrollStudentEntityList.size()));
stuResult = studentDao.insertAll(studentEntityList.subList(c * b, studentEntityList.size()));
allResult = allusersFacade.insertUserList(allusersEntityList.subList(c * b, allusersEntityList.size()));
}
if (enResult > 0 && stuResult > 0 && allResult) {
return 10;
}
return -10;
}
代码说明：
这样操作，可以避免上面的错误，但是分多次插入，无形中就增加了操作实践，很容易超时。所以这种方法还是不值得提倡的。
再次改进，使用多线程分批导入。
4四、多线程分批导入Mysql
依然使用mybatis的批量导入，不同的是，根据线程数目进行分组，然后再建立多线程池，进行导入。
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public int addFreshStudentsNew(List<FreshStudentAndStudentModel> list, String schoolNo) {
if (list == null || list.isEmpty()) {
return 0;
}
List<StudentEntity> studentEntityList = new LinkedList<>();
List<EnrollStudentEntity> enrollStudentEntityList = new LinkedList<>();
List<AllusersEntity> allusersEntityList = new LinkedList<>();
list.forEach(freshStudentAndStudentModel -> {
EnrollStudentEntity enrollStudentEntity = new EnrollStudentEntity();
StudentEntity studentEntity = new StudentEntity();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(freshStudentAndStudentModel, studentEntity);
BeanUtils.copyProperties(freshStudentAndStudentModel, enrollStudentEntity);
String operator = TenancyContext.UserID.get();
String studentId = BaseUuidUtils.base58Uuid();
enrollStudentEntity.setId(BaseUuidUtils.base58Uuid());
enrollStudentEntity.setStudentId(studentId);
enrollStudentEntity.setIdentityCardId(freshStudentAndStudentModel.getIdCard());
enrollStudentEntity.setOperator(operator);
studentEntity.setId(studentId);
studentEntity.setIdentityCardId(freshStudentAndStudentModel.getIdCard());
studentEntity.setOperator(operator);
studentEntityList.add(studentEntity);
enrollStudentEntityList.add(enrollStudentEntity);
AllusersEntity allusersEntity = new AllusersEntity();
allusersEntity.setId(enrollStudentEntity.getId());
allusersEntity.setUserCode(enrollStudentEntity.getNemtCode());
allusersEntity.setUserName(enrollStudentEntity.getName());
allusersEntity.setSchoolNo(schoolNo);
allusersEntity.setTelNum(enrollStudentEntity.getTelNum());
allusersEntity.setPassword(enrollStudentEntity.getNemtCode()); //密码设置为考生号
allusersEntityList.add(allusersEntity);
});
int nThreads = 50;
int size = enrollStudentEntityList.size();
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(nThreads);
List<Future<Integer>> futures = new ArrayList<Future<Integer>>(nThreads);
for (int i = 0; i < nThreads; i++) {
final List<EnrollStudentEntity> EnrollStudentEntityImputList = enrollStudentEntityList.subList(size / nThreads * i, size / nThreads * (i + 1));
final List<StudentEntity> studentEntityImportList = studentEntityList.subList(size / nThreads * i, size / nThreads * (i + 1));
final List<AllusersEntity> allusersEntityImportList = allusersEntityList.subList(size / nThreads * i, size / nThreads * (i + 1));
Callable<Integer> task1 = () -> {
studentSave.saveStudent(EnrollStudentEntityImputList,studentEntityImportList,allusersEntityImportList);
return 1;
};
futures.add(executorService.submit(task1));
}
executorService.shutdown();
if (!futures.isEmpty() && futures != null) {
return 10;
}
return -10;
}
代码说明：
上面是通过应用ExecutorService 建立了固定的线程数，然后根据线程数目进行分组，批量依次导入。一方面可以缓解数据库的压力，另一个面线程数目多了，一定程度会提高程序运行的时间。
缺点就是要看服务器的配置，如果配置好的话就可以开多点线程，配置差的话就开小点。
5五、小结
通过使用这个操作真是不断的提高了，项目使用技巧也是不错。加油~~ 多线程哦~~
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