微服务项目自从用了SkyWalking监控系统,睡觉也香了~

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2021-03-31 13:18

原文链接:https://cnblogs.com/cjsblog/p/14075486.html

SkyWalking 是一个应用性能监控系统,特别为微服务、云原生和基于容器(Docker, Kubernetes, Mesos)体系结构而设计。除了应用指标监控以外,它还能对分布式调用链路进行追踪。类似功能的组件还有:Zipkin、Pinpoint、CAT等。

上几张图,看看效果,然后再一步一步搭建并使用

1.  概念与架构

SkyWalking是一个开源监控平台,用于从服务和云原生基础设施收集、分析、聚合和可视化数据。SkyWalking提供了一种简单的方法来维护分布式系统的清晰视图,甚至可以跨云查看。它是一种现代APM,专门为云原生、基于容器的分布式系统设计。 

SkyWalking从三个维度对应用进行监视:service(服务), service instance(实例), endpoint(端点)

服务和实例就不多说了,端点是服务中的某个路径或者说URI

SkyWalking allows users to understand the topology relationship between Services and Endpoints, to view the metrics of every Service/Service Instance/Endpoint and to set alarm rules.

SkyWalking允许用户了解服务和端点之间的拓扑关系,查看每个服务/服务实例/端点的度量,并设置警报规则。

1.1.  架构

 

SkyWalking逻辑上分为四个部分:Probes(探针), Platform backend(平台后端), Storage(存储), UI

这个结构就很清晰了,探针就是Agent负责采集数据并上报给服务端,服务端对数据进行处理和存储,UI负责展示

2.  下载与安装

SkyWalking有两中版本,ES版本和非ES版。如果我们决定采用ElasticSearch作为存储,那么就下载es版本。 

https://skywalking.apache.org/downloads/

https://archive.apache.org/dist/skywalking/

agent目录将来要拷贝到各服务所在机器上用作探针

bin目录是服务启动脚本

config目录是配置文件

oap-libs目录是oap服务运行所需的jar包

webapp目录是web服务运行所需的jar包

接下来,要选择存储了,支持的存储有:

  • H2

  • ElasticSearch 6, 7

  • MySQL

  • TiDB

  • InfluxDB

作为监控系统,首先排除H2和MySQL,这里推荐InfluxDB,它本身就是时序数据库,非常适合这种场景

但是InfluxDB我不是很熟悉,所以这里先用ElasticSearch7

https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/master/docs/en/setup/backend/backend-storage.md

2.1.  安装ElasticSearch

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/targz.html 

# 启动./bin/elasticsearch -d -p pid# 停止pkill -F pid


ElasticSearch7.x需要Java 11以上的版本,但是如果你设置了环境变量JAVA_HOME的话,它会用你自己的Java版本

通常,启动过程中会报以下三个错误:

[1]: max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65535][2]: max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144][3]: the default discovery settings are unsuitable for production use; at least one of [discovery.seed_hosts, discovery.seed_providers, cluster.initial_master_nodes] must be configured

解决方法:

在 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件中追加以下内容:

* soft nofile 65536* hard nofile 65536* soft nproc  4096* hard nproc  4096

可通过以下四个命令查看修改结果:

ulimit -Hnulimit -Snulimit -Huulimit -Su

修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件,追加以下内容:

vm.max_map_count=262144
修改es配置文件 elasticsearch.yml 取消注释,保留一个节点
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]
为了能够ip:port方式访问,还需修改网络配置
network.host: 0.0.0.0
修改完是这样的:

至此,ElasticSearch算是启动成功了

一个节点还不够,这里用三个节点搭建一个集群

192.168.100.14  config/elasticsearch.yml

cluster.name: my-monitornode.name: node-1network.host: 192.168.100.14http.port: 9200discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.100.14:9300", "192.168.100.15:9300", "192.168.100.19:9300"]cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]

192.168.100.15  config/elasticsearch.yml

cluster.name: my-monitornode.name: node-2network.host: 192.168.100.15http.port: 9200discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.100.14:9300", "192.168.100.15:9300", "192.168.100.19:9300"]cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]

192.168.100.19  config/elasticsearch.yml

cluster.name: my-monitornode.name: node-3network.host: 192.168.100.19http.port: 9200discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.100.14:9300", "192.168.100.15:9300", "192.168.100.19:9300"]cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]

同时,建议修改三个节点config/jvm.options

-Xms2g-Xmx2g

依次启动三个节点

pkill -F pid./bin/elasticsearch -d -p pid


接下来,修改skywalking下config/application.yml 中配置es地址即可

storage:  selector: ${SW_STORAGE:elasticsearch7}  elasticsearch7:    nameSpace: ${SW_NAMESPACE:""}    clusterNodes: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_CLUSTER_NODES:192.168.100.14:9200,192.168.100.15:9200,192.168.100.19:9200}

2.2.  安装Agent

https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/v8.2.0/docs/en/setup/service-agent/java-agent/README.md

将agent目录拷贝至各服务所在的机器上

scp -r ./agent chengjs@192.168.100.12:~/
这里,我将它拷贝至各个服务目录下

plugins是探针用到各种插件,SkyWalking插件都是即插即用的,可以把optional-plugins中的插件放到plugins中 

修改 agent/config/agent.config 配置文件,也可以通过命令行参数指定

主要是配置服务名称和后端服务地址

agent.service_name=${SW_AGENT_NAME:user-center}collector.backend_service=${SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES:192.168.100.17:11800}

当然,也可以通过环境变量或系统属性的方式来设置,例如:

export SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES=127.0.0.1:11800
最后,在服务启动的时候用命令行参数 -javaagent 来指定探针
java -javaagent:/path/to/skywalking-agent/skywalking-agent.jar -jar yourApp.jar
例如:
java -javaagent:./agent/skywalking-agent.jar -Dspring.profiles.active=dev -Xms512m -Xmx1024m -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
3.  启动服务

修改 webapp/webapp.yml 文件,更改端口号及后端服务地址

server:  port: 9000
collector: path: /graphql ribbon: ReadTimeout: 10000 # Point to all backend's restHost:restPort, split by , listOfServers: 127.0.0.1:12800

启动服务

bin/startup.sh

或者分别依次启动

bin/oapService.shbin/webappService.sh

查看logs目录下的日志文件,看是否启动成功

浏览器访问 http://127.0.0.1:9000

4. 告警

 

编辑 alarm-settings.yml 设置告警规则和通知

https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/v8.2.0/docs/en/setup/backend/backend-alarm.md

重点说下告警通知

 

为了使用钉钉机器人通知,接下来,新建一个项目

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>2.4.0</version>        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->    </parent>    <groupId>com.wt.monitor</groupId>    <artifactId>skywalking-alarm</artifactId>    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <name>skywalking-alarm</name>
<properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties>
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>com.aliyun</groupId> <artifactId>alibaba-dingtalk-service-sdk</artifactId> <version>1.0.1</version> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>commons-codec</groupId> <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId> <version>1.15</version> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.75</version> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> </dependencies>
<build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
</project>

可选依赖(不建议引入)

<dependency    <groupId>org.apache.skywalking</groupId>    <artifactId>server-core</artifactId>    <version>8.2.0</version></dependency>

定义告警消息实体类

package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.domain;
import lombok.Data;
import java.io.Serializable;
/** * @author ChengJianSheng * @date 2020/12/1 */@Datapublic class AlarmMessageDTO implements Serializable {
private int scopeId;
private String scope;
/** * Target scope entity name */ private String name;
private String id0;
private String id1;
private String ruleName;
/** * Alarm text message */ private String alarmMessage;
/** * Alarm time measured in milliseconds */ private long startTime;
}

发送钉钉机器人消息

package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.service;
import com.dingtalk.api.DefaultDingTalkClient;import com.dingtalk.api.DingTalkClient;import com.dingtalk.api.request.OapiRobotSendRequest;import com.taobao.api.ApiException;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.crypto.Mac;import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;import java.net.URLEncoder;import java.security.InvalidKeyException;import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
/** * https://ding-doc.dingtalk.com/doc#/serverapi2/qf2nxq * @author ChengJianSheng * @data 2020/12/1 */@Slf4j@Servicepublic class DingTalkAlarmService {
@Value("${dingtalk.webhook}") private String webhook; @Value("${dingtalk.secret}") private String secret;
public void sendMessage(String content) { try { Long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis(); String stringToSign = timestamp + "\n" + secret; Mac mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA256"); mac.init(new SecretKeySpec(secret.getBytes("UTF-8"), "HmacSHA256")); byte[] signData = mac.doFinal(stringToSign.getBytes("UTF-8")); String sign = URLEncoder.encode(new String(Base64.encodeBase64(signData)),"UTF-8");
String serverUrl = webhook + "&timestamp=" + timestamp + "&sign=" + sign; DingTalkClient client = new DefaultDingTalkClient(serverUrl); OapiRobotSendRequest request = new OapiRobotSendRequest(); request.setMsgtype("text"); OapiRobotSendRequest.Text text = new OapiRobotSendRequest.Text(); text.setContent(content); request.setText(text);
client.execute(request); } catch (ApiException e) { e.printStackTrace(); log.error(e.getMessage(), e); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); log.error(e.getMessage(), e); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); log.error(e.getMessage(), e); } catch (InvalidKeyException e) { e.printStackTrace(); log.error(e.getMessage(), e); } }}

AlarmController.java

package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.controller;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;import com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.domain.AlarmMessageDTO;import com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.service.DingTalkAlarmService;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.text.MessageFormat;import java.util.List;
/** * @author ChengJianSheng * @date 2020/12/1 */@Slf4j@RestController@RequestMapping("/skywalking")public class AlarmController {
@Autowired private DingTalkAlarmService dingTalkAlarmService;
@PostMapping("/alarm") public void alarm(@RequestBody List<AlarmMessageDTO> alarmMessageDTOList) { log.info("收到告警信息: {}", JSON.toJSONString(alarmMessageDTOList)); if (null != alarmMessageDTOList) { alarmMessageDTOList.forEach(e->dingTalkAlarmService.sendMessage(MessageFormat.format("-----来自SkyWalking的告警-----\n【名称】: {0}\n【消息】: {1}\n", e.getName(), e.getAlarmMessage()))); } }}

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