如何基于 MySQL 主从模式搭建上万并发的系统架构？

mysql> show variables like '%log_bin%' ;
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| log_bin | ON |
| log_bin_basename | /application/mysql/data/mysql-bin |
| log_bin_index | /application/mysql/data/mysql-bin.index |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF |
| sql_log_bin | ON |
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.06 sec)

mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 2979 |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 120 |
+------------------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like '%format%';
+--------------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-------------------+
| binlog_format | ROW |
| date_format | %Y-%m-%d |
| datetime_format | %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s |
| default_week_format | 0 |
| innodb_file_format | Antelope |
| innodb_file_format_check | ON |
| innodb_file_format_max | Antelope |
| time_format | %H:%i:%s |
+--------------------------+-------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 2979 |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 167 |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 120 |
+------------------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 120 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

[root@db02 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
[root@db02 ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64
[root@db02 ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running. # 注意：务必关闭防火墙（iptables  selinux）
[root@db02 ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@db02 ~]# mysql --version
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.36, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

[root@db02 ~]# /data/3306/mysql start
Starting MySQL...
[root@db02 ~]# /data/3307/mysql start
Starting MySQL...

[root@db02 ~]# cat /data/3306/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock
basedir = /application/mysql
datadir = /data/3306/data
log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin
server-id = 6 # server id 不能相同
skip_name_resolve = 0 # 跳过域名解析参数


[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/3306/mysql_3306.err
pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid

[root@db02 ~]# cat /data/3307/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3307
socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3307
socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock
basedir = /application/mysql
datadir = /data/3307/data
log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin
server-id = 7 # server id 不能相同
skip_name_resolve = 0 # 跳过域名解析参数
read_only = 1 # 从库只读 （非root用户 ）

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/3307/mysql_3307.err
pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid

mysql -uroot -p123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock

grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';

mysqldump -uroot -p123 -A -B -F --master-data=2 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock >/tmp/full.sql

set sql_log_bin=0;
source /tmp/full.sql

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000012 | 120 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql -uroot -p123 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52',
MASTER_USER='repl',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000012',
MASTER_LOG_POS=120;
start slave; # 启动从库复制

mysql> help CHANGE MASTER TO
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='master2.mycompany.com',
MASTER_USER='replication',
MASTER_PASSWORD='bigs3cret',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='master2-bin.001',
MASTER_LOG_POS=4,
MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10;

[root@db02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database clsn;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

[root@db02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| clsn |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

shell> /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
mysql> update user set password=password('123') where user='root' and host='localhost';
mysql> flush privileges;

show master status\G --- 主
show slave status \G --- 从
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 729

mysql>stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_DELAY = 30;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

mysql>start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

mysql> show slave status \G
……
              SQL_Delay: 30

read_only = 1 ====> 控制普通用户
innodb_read_only = 1 ====> 控制root用户，正常情况不要加

mysql> show variables like '%read_only%';
+------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------+-------+
| innodb_read_only | OFF |
| read_only | ON |
| tx_read_only | OFF |
+------------------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

stop slave; #<==临时停止同步开关。
set global sql_slave_skip_counter = 1 ; #<==将同步指针向下移动一个，如果多次不同步，可以重复操作。
start slave;

/etc/my.cnf
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007

Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error: